Biological activities from açaí (Euterpe spp. Mart.) seeds and their pharmacological aspects: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Açaí seeds, a by-product of açaí processing (1445 tons year⁻¹), make up 85 % of the fruit's weight and are rich in phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, (epi)catechins, and procyanidins. Their chemical profile suggests significant pharmacological potential, leading to growing interest in their therapeutic applications.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, covering studies from 2006 to 2023.

Results

The review included 72 studies, 13 of which were cluster randomized trials in rodents. Açaí seed extract (ASE) displayed a robust phenolic profile with varying polymerization degrees. Preclinical investigations demonstrated ASE's therapeutic efficacy, showing potent antioxidant activities, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes via Nrf2 activation, and selective cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. ASE also exhibited efficacy in reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting adipogenesis, addressing metabolic syndrome in rodents. Promising effects were observed on hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and liver diseases, indicating broad health benefits.

Conclusion

Despite study heterogeneity, ASE's shows potential as a therapeutic agent., necessitating further clinical investigations to comprehensively evaluate its safety and efficacy in human health.