Small-scale mining as the foundation of sovereignty and mineral security

The global energy transition has significantly increased the demand for critical and strategic minerals, many of which are sourced from small-scale mining (SSM). This research investigates the role of SSM in fostering mineral sovereignty and security, focusing on its contributions to economic development, social justice, and environmental conservation. Through an analysis of academic literature, government documents, and reports of international organizations, this study provides a comprehensive overview of SSM's impact and challenges. The findings reveal that while SSM is vital for the economies of developing countries, it faces obstacles related to formalization, access to sustainable technologies, and integration into global value chains. Additionally, the research identifies resource-rich areas in Brazil with low mining rights concessions, indicating potential policy development opportunities centered on SSM. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the need for innovative public policies and international cooperation to ensure the responsible and equitable exploitation of critical mineral resources, thus reinforcing SSM's essential role in a sustainable future.