微塑料可能会降低海洋雪的沉降速度和碳含量,从而降低生物碳泵的效率

IF 3.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY
Cordelia Roberts, Clara M. Flintrop, Alexander Khachikyan, Jana Milucka, Colin B. Munn, Morten H. Iversen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

塑料在海洋生态系统中无处不在,在浅海和深海中也无处不在。除其他微塑料外,微纤维在深海沉积物中的累积浓度比表层水高四个数量级。这与大多数微纤维具有正浮力的事实不符;因此,有人假设沉降聚集体是微纤维在海洋中向下迁移的载体。然而,人们对微纤维对碳输出的影响知之甚少。我们使用滚动槽形成了含有不同浓度微纤维的硅藻聚集体,观察到微纤维的加入刺激了聚集体的形成,但降低了其结构凝聚力,使其更容易破裂,导致平均尺寸变小。在沉降集料中加入正浮力超细纤维后,其特定尺寸的下沉速度与超细纤维浓度成正比。较慢的下沉速度可能会延长聚集体在海洋上层的停留时间,从而增加上层水体中有机物再矿化的时间。在这里,我们表明,当微纤维浓度为每立方米 105 根时,微纤维融入沉降的海洋聚集体会使潜在的出口通量减少 8-45%。因此,与前塑料时代相比,微纤维在北极海冰等地以如此高的浓度积累,可能会大大降低生物碳泵的效率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Microplastics may reduce the efficiency of the biological carbon pump by decreasing the settling velocity and carbon content of marine snow

Microplastics may reduce the efficiency of the biological carbon pump by decreasing the settling velocity and carbon content of marine snow

Plastics are pervasive in marine ecosystems and ubiquitous in both shallow and deep oceans. Microfibers, among other microplastics, accumulate in deep-sea sediments at concentrations up to four orders of magnitude higher than in surface waters. This is at odds with the fact that most microfibers are positively buoyant; therefore, it is hypothesized that settling aggregates are vectors for the downward transport of microfibers in the ocean. However, little is known about the impact of microfibers on carbon export. We formed diatom aggregates with differing concentrations of microfibers using roller tanks and observed that microfiber addition stimulated aggregate formation, but decreased their structural cohesion and caused them to break apart more readily, resulting in smaller average sizes. The incorporation of positively buoyant microfibers into settling aggregates reduced their size-specific sinking velocities proportional to the microfiber concentration. Slower sinking may extend aggregate retention time in the upper ocean, thereby increasing the time available for organic matter remineralization in the upper water column. Here, we show that at concentrations of 105 microfibers per cubic meter, microfiber incorporation into settling marine aggregates decreases potential export flux by 8–45%. Microfibers accumulating at such high concentrations, for example, in Arctic sea ice, may, therefore, be substantially reducing the efficiency of the biological carbon pump relative to the pre-plastic era.

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来源期刊
Limnology and Oceanography
Limnology and Oceanography 地学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
254
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.
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