认知发展中的游戏:从理性建构主义到预测处理。

IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Marc M Andersen, Julian Kiverstein
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们普遍认为,游戏和好奇心是儿童建立世界模型的关键因素。此外,一种新的共识是,儿童是贝叶斯学习者,他们会将自己结构化的先验信念与对新证据可能性的估计结合起来,从而推断出最有可能的世界模型。发展心理学中一个颇具影响力的学派--理性建构主义--将这两种观点结合在一起,提出儿童学习关于世界如何运作的直觉理论的部分途径是参与游戏活动,从而收集新信息来检验自己的理论。然而,理性建构主义的发展理论至少还缺少两块内容。首先,理性建构主义迄今为止还很少关注解释为什么儿童喜欢的学习形式--游戏--会让他们感觉如此有趣、愉快和有收获。理性建构主义可能认为,儿童之所以好奇和喜欢游戏,是因为减少不确定性和学习更好的世界因果运作理论是一件令人愉快的事情。然而,仍然不清楚的是,为什么在游戏中减少不确定性是有趣、好玩和快乐的,而在其他形式的学习中这样做却会令人沮丧或无聊。其次,理性建构主义可能忽略了儿童在游戏中是如何控制和操纵他们的环境的,有时 是为了创造理想的 "壁龛 "以提取惊喜,有时是为了发展使世界符合他们预测的策略。认知神经科学的一个有影响力的框架将大脑的许多认知功能建模为基于模型的概率预测 过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Play in Cognitive Development: From Rational Constructivism to Predictive Processing.

It is widely believed that play and curiosity are key ingredients as children develop models of the world. There is also an emerging consensus that children are Bayesian learners who combine their structured prior beliefs with estimations of the likelihood of new evidence to infer the most probable model of the world. An influential school of thought within developmental psychology, rational constructivism, combines these two ideas to propose that children learn intuitive theories of how the world works in part by engaging in play activities that allow them to gather new information for testing their theories. There are still, however, at least two pieces missing from rational constructivist theories of development. First, rational constructivism has so far devoted little attention to explaining why children's preferred form of learning, play, feels so fun, enjoyable, and rewarding. Rational constructivism may suggest that children are curious and like to play because reducing uncertainty and learning better theories of the causal workings of the world is enjoyable. What remains unclear, however, is why reducing uncertainty in play is interesting, fun, and joyful, while doing so in other forms of learning can be frustrating or boring. Second, rational constructivism may have overlooked how children, during play, will take control of and manipulate their environment, sometimes in an effort to create ideal niches for surprise-extraction, sometimes for developing strategies for making the world fit with their predictions. These missing elements from rational constructivism can be provided by understanding the contribution of play to development in terms of predictive processing, an influential framework in cognitive neuroscience that models many of the brain's cognitive functions as processes of model-based, probabilistic prediction.

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来源期刊
Topics in Cognitive Science
Topics in Cognitive Science PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
52
期刊介绍: Topics in Cognitive Science (topiCS) is an innovative new journal that covers all areas of cognitive science including cognitive modeling, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive anthropology, and cognitive science and philosophy. topiCS aims to provide a forum for: -New communities of researchers- New controversies in established areas- Debates and commentaries- Reflections and integration The publication features multiple scholarly papers dedicated to a single topic. Some of these topics will appear together in one issue, but others may appear across several issues or develop into a regular feature. Controversies or debates started in one issue may be followed up by commentaries in a later issue, etc. However, the format and origin of the topics will vary greatly.
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