头部方向如何构建婴儿视觉注意力的发育变化

IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q3 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
John M. Franchak, Linda Smith, Chen Yu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大多数有关视觉注意力发展的研究都是通过基于屏幕的任务进行的,在这些任务中,婴儿通过移动眼睛来选择看哪里。然而,现实世界中的视觉探索需要眼睛和头部的主动运动,以将相关区域引入视野。因此,人们对婴儿如何协调眼睛和头部以构建其视觉体验知之甚少。从 9 个月到 24 个月期间,每隔 3 个月对婴儿进行一次测试,测试时,婴儿坐在餐桌旁的高脚椅上,与看护人和三个玩具一起玩耍。婴儿佩戴头戴式眼动追踪器,该追踪器可测量婴儿朝向每个视觉目标(看护人的脸和玩具)的眼动情况,以及目标在以头部为中心的视野(FOV)中的方向。随着年龄的增长,婴儿越来越多地将新奇玩具对准头部中心视野的中心,而忽略了看护人的脸部。在较长时间的注视过程中,脸部和玩具都能更好地集中在视线中心,这表明各个年龄段的婴儿都会将眼睛和头部集中在一起以保持注意力。婴儿以头部为中心的视场偏差无法用手动操作来解释:与非手持玩具相比,手持玩具的居中性更差。我们讨论了发展因素--注意、运动、认知和社会因素--这些因素可以解释为什么婴儿随着年龄的增长越来越多地采用偏差视点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Developmental Changes in How Head Orientation Structures Infants’ Visual Attention

Most studies of developing visual attention are conducted using screen-based tasks in which infants move their eyes to select where to look. However, real-world visual exploration entails active movements of both eyes and head to bring relevant areas in view. Thus, relatively little is known about how infants coordinate their eyes and heads to structure their visual experiences. Infants were tested every 3 months from 9 to 24 months while they played with their caregiver and three toys while sitting in a highchair at a table. Infants wore a head-mounted eye tracker that measured eye movement toward each of the visual targets (caregiver's face and toys) and how targets were oriented within the head-centered field of view (FOV). With age, infants increasingly aligned novel toys in the center of their head-centered FOV at the expense of their caregiver's face. Both faces and toys were better centered in view during longer looking events, suggesting that infants of all ages aligned their eyes and head to sustain attention. The bias in infants’ head-centered FOV could not be accounted for by manual action: Held toys were more poorly centered compared with non-held toys. We discuss developmental factors—attentional, motoric, cognitive, and social—that may explain why infants increasingly adopted biased viewpoints with age.

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来源期刊
Developmental psychobiology
Developmental psychobiology 生物-发育生物学
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
18.20%
发文量
125
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Developmental Psychobiology is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers from the disciplines of psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine that contribute to an understanding of behavior development. Research that focuses on development in the embryo/fetus, neonate, juvenile, or adult animal and multidisciplinary research that relates behavioral development to anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, or evolution is appropriate. The journal represents a broad phylogenetic perspective on behavior development by publishing studies of invertebrates, fish, birds, humans, and other animals. The journal publishes experimental and descriptive studies whether carried out in the laboratory or field. The journal also publishes review articles and theoretical papers that make important conceptual contributions. Special dedicated issues of Developmental Psychobiology , consisting of invited papers on a topic of general interest, may be arranged with the Editor-in-Chief. Developmental Psychobiology also publishes Letters to the Editor, which discuss issues of general interest or material published in the journal. Letters discussing published material may correct errors, provide clarification, or offer a different point of view. Authors should consult the editors on the preparation of these contributions.
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