A multi-objective Roadside Units deployment strategy based on reliable coverage analysis in Internet of Vehicles

The deployment of Roadside Units (RSUs) in the Cellular-Vehicle to Everything enabled Internet of Vehicles is crucial for the transition from individual intelligence of vehicles to collective intelligence of vehicle-road collaboration. In this paper, we focus on improving the adaptability of RSU deployment to real scenarios, and optimizing deployment costs and vehicle-oriented service performance. The RSU deployment problem is modeled as a Multi-objective Optimization Problem (MOP), with a cost model integrating the purchase and installation costs, and a service-oriented Quality of Service (QoS) model adopting the total time the RSUs cover the vehicles as the evaluation metric. Specifically, we propose an RSU reliable coverage analysis method based on Packet Delivery Ratio model to estimate the coverage distances in different scenarios, which will be used in QoS calculation. Then, an evolutionary RSU deployment algorithm is designed to solve the MOP. The performance of the proposed method is simulated and discussed in real road network and dynamic scenarios. The results prove that our method outperforms the baseline method in terms of significant cost reduction and total coverage time improvement.