放射诊断检查辐射风险评估实用指南。

IF 1.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
V Golikov, A Vodovatov, L Chipiga, I Shatskiy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

不能限制病人的剂量;相反,放射检查应合理并优化,以确保必要的诊断或治疗效果,并使病人的剂量降到最低。评估患者照射的辐射风险是论证过程的重要组成部分。因此,医务人员在其专业活动框架内应掌握有关不同类型放射程序辐射风险数据的必要信息。目前已开发出一种方法,可以考虑辐射致癌风险系数的年龄和性别依赖性,以及各种放射检查患者的年龄和性别分布,以评估医疗照射对患者个人和人群的集体辐射风险。该方法基于对国际放射防护委员会第 147 号出版物中提出的有效剂量概念的新扩展使用,并以俄罗斯联邦的医疗照射为例进行了演示。对于占俄罗斯联邦公众医疗照射集体剂量约 80% 的 30 种放射检查,辐射风险是根据计算得出的每单位有效剂量的特定年龄和性别风险系数进行评估的。对于其余的检查,则采用简化的方法来评估风险,即使用针对 4 个解剖区域(头、颈、胸和腹部)之一或全身均匀照射所确定的特定年龄和性别风险系数。在俄罗斯联邦国家计划框架内继续使用有效剂量作为剂量测定量的同时,所建议的方法可以大大改进辐射风险评估。因此,与之前基于有效剂量和名义风险系数的评估相比,2022 年俄罗斯联邦医疗检查的集体风险降低了 3 倍。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Practical guidance on the assessment of radiation risks for diagnostic radiological examinations.

Patient doses cannot be limited; instead, radiological examinations should be justified and optimised to ensure the necessary diagnostic or therapeutic effect with the lowest patient dose achievable. Assessment of the radiation risks from patient exposure is important part of the justification process. Hence, medical staff within the framework of their professional activities should possess necessary information on the data on radiation risk from different types of radiological procedures. An approach has been developed that allows considering age and gender dependences of the risk coefficients of radiogenic cancer and the age and gender distribution of patients for various radiological examinations to assess the individual radiation risk for patient and collective risk for population from medical exposure. The approach is based on a new expanded use of the effective dose concept proposed in ICRP Publication 147 and demonstrated using the medical exposure in the Russian Federation as the example. For 30 radiological examinations that compose about 80% of the collective dose from medical exposure of the public in the Russian Federation radiation risk was assessed based on calculated age and gender specific risk coefficients per unit effective dose. For the rest of the examinations a simplified approach was used to assess the risk, which was based on using an age and gender specific risk coefficient determined for one of 4 anatomical regions (head, neck, chest and abdomen) or for uniform irradiation of the whole body. The proposed approach allows significantly improving the assessment of the radiation risk while continuing to use the effective dose as a dosimetric quantity within the framework of the state program in the Russian Federation. As a result the collective risk from medical examinations in the Russian Federation in 2022 was lower by the factor of 3 compared to the previous assessment based on the effective dose with the nominal risk coefficient.

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来源期刊
Journal of Radiological Protection
Journal of Radiological Protection 环境科学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
26.70%
发文量
137
审稿时长
18-36 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Radiological Protection publishes articles on all aspects of radiological protection, including non-ionising as well as ionising radiations. Fields of interest range from research, development and theory to operational matters, education and training. The very wide spectrum of its topics includes: dosimetry, instrument development, specialized measuring techniques, epidemiology, biological effects (in vivo and in vitro) and risk and environmental impact assessments. The journal encourages publication of data and code as well as results.
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