{"title":"亨金建立的嗅觉测试:是否可靠?","authors":"Anna Kristina Hernandez, Irina Käb, Thomas Hummel","doi":"10.1007/s00405-024-08900-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This pilot study aimed to determine whether the Henkin olfactory test discriminates between the olfactory function of patients with olfactory loss and healthy individuals, and whether the Henkin test is correlated with a validated psychophysical olfactory test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants underwent olfactory testing using the modified Henkin test (including detection [DT] and recognition [RT] thresholds, magnitude estimation [ME], and hedonic ratings [H], for four different odors) and the extended \"Sniffin' Sticks\" test battery (odor detection, discrimination, identification).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four individuals (28 women, aged 19-81 years, mean: 39 years) were included. Twenty-three were healthy (mean age: 38 years) and 21 had olfactory dysfunction (OD) (mean age: 40 years). OD patients had worse mean DT, lower composite RT, and lower ME ratings. Mean and individual odor H ratings were not significantly different between the groups. Most individuals were classified as hyposmic when using the prescribed classification by Henkin, with only very few satisfying the stringent criteria of anosmia and normosmia. Modified Henkin subtests were all positively correlated with each other and with the \"Sniffin' Sticks\", except for Unpleasant Mean H which was only correlated with Pleasant Mean H; and Pleasant mean H which was not correlated with mean DT scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Henkin test is able to separate between OD patients and controls. However, modifications to the conduct of this test may be required. Studies that used this test should be carefully interpreted.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: 3: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":11952,"journal":{"name":"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology","volume":" ","pages":"5541-5547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11416371/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The olfactory test established by Henkin: is it reliable and does it correlate to established psychophysical tests?\",\"authors\":\"Anna Kristina Hernandez, Irina Käb, Thomas Hummel\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s00405-024-08900-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This pilot study aimed to determine whether the Henkin olfactory test discriminates between the olfactory function of patients with olfactory loss and healthy individuals, and whether the Henkin test is correlated with a validated psychophysical olfactory test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants underwent olfactory testing using the modified Henkin test (including detection [DT] and recognition [RT] thresholds, magnitude estimation [ME], and hedonic ratings [H], for four different odors) and the extended \\\"Sniffin' Sticks\\\" test battery (odor detection, discrimination, identification).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four individuals (28 women, aged 19-81 years, mean: 39 years) were included. Twenty-three were healthy (mean age: 38 years) and 21 had olfactory dysfunction (OD) (mean age: 40 years). OD patients had worse mean DT, lower composite RT, and lower ME ratings. Mean and individual odor H ratings were not significantly different between the groups. Most individuals were classified as hyposmic when using the prescribed classification by Henkin, with only very few satisfying the stringent criteria of anosmia and normosmia. Modified Henkin subtests were all positively correlated with each other and with the \\\"Sniffin' Sticks\\\", except for Unpleasant Mean H which was only correlated with Pleasant Mean H; and Pleasant mean H which was not correlated with mean DT scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Henkin test is able to separate between OD patients and controls. However, modifications to the conduct of this test may be required. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:本试验性研究旨在确定亨金嗅觉测试能否区分嗅觉缺失患者和健康人的嗅觉功能,以及亨金测试是否与有效的心理物理嗅觉测试相关:参与者使用改良亨金测试(包括四种不同气味的检测阈值[DT]和识别阈值[RT]、量级估计[ME]和享乐评分[H])和扩展的 "嗅觉棒 "测试组合(气味检测、辨别和识别)进行嗅觉测试:研究对象包括 44 人(28 名女性,年龄 19-81 岁,平均 39 岁)。其中 23 人健康(平均年龄 38 岁),21 人有嗅觉功能障碍(OD)(平均年龄 40 岁)。嗅觉障碍患者的平均 DT 值、综合 RT 值和 ME 值均较低。各组之间的平均值和单个气味 H 评级差异不大。根据亨金(Henkin)的规定分类,大多数人被归类为嗅觉减退,只有极少数人符合无嗅觉和正常嗅觉的严格标准。除了不愉快平均值 H 只与愉快平均值 H 相关,以及愉快平均值 H 与平均 DT 分数不相关外,其他修改后的亨金分测验之间以及与 "嗅探棒 "之间均呈正相关:结论:亨金试验能够区分OD患者和对照组。结论:Henkin 测试能够区分 OD 患者和对照组,但可能需要对测试方法进行修改。应仔细解释使用该测试的研究:3:
The olfactory test established by Henkin: is it reliable and does it correlate to established psychophysical tests?
Purpose: This pilot study aimed to determine whether the Henkin olfactory test discriminates between the olfactory function of patients with olfactory loss and healthy individuals, and whether the Henkin test is correlated with a validated psychophysical olfactory test.
Methods: Participants underwent olfactory testing using the modified Henkin test (including detection [DT] and recognition [RT] thresholds, magnitude estimation [ME], and hedonic ratings [H], for four different odors) and the extended "Sniffin' Sticks" test battery (odor detection, discrimination, identification).
Results: Forty-four individuals (28 women, aged 19-81 years, mean: 39 years) were included. Twenty-three were healthy (mean age: 38 years) and 21 had olfactory dysfunction (OD) (mean age: 40 years). OD patients had worse mean DT, lower composite RT, and lower ME ratings. Mean and individual odor H ratings were not significantly different between the groups. Most individuals were classified as hyposmic when using the prescribed classification by Henkin, with only very few satisfying the stringent criteria of anosmia and normosmia. Modified Henkin subtests were all positively correlated with each other and with the "Sniffin' Sticks", except for Unpleasant Mean H which was only correlated with Pleasant Mean H; and Pleasant mean H which was not correlated with mean DT scores.
Conclusion: The Henkin test is able to separate between OD patients and controls. However, modifications to the conduct of this test may be required. Studies that used this test should be carefully interpreted.
期刊介绍:
Official Journal of
European Union of Medical Specialists – ORL Section and Board
Official Journal of Confederation of European Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery
"European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology" publishes original clinical reports and clinically relevant experimental studies, as well as short communications presenting new results of special interest. With peer review by a respected international editorial board and prompt English-language publication, the journal provides rapid dissemination of information by authors from around the world. This particular feature makes it the journal of choice for readers who want to be informed about the continuing state of the art concerning basic sciences and the diagnosis and management of diseases of the head and neck on an international level.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology was founded in 1864 as "Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde" by A. von Tröltsch, A. Politzer and H. Schwartze.