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引用次数: 0
摘要
抗体能够上调或下调与其结合的抗原的抗体反应。主要有两种机制。抑制很可能是由表位掩蔽引起的,可由所有测试的同种型(IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG3、IgM 和 IgE)诱导。增强通常是由于抗原以一种有利的方式重新分布,或通过滤泡树突状细胞(IgM 和 IgG3)呈现给 B 细胞,或通过树突状细胞(IgE、IgG1、IgG2a 和 IgG2b)呈现给 CD4+ T 细胞。IgM 和 IgG3 复合物会激活补体,并被表达补体受体的边缘区 B 细胞从边缘区运送到滤泡。IgE 抗原复合物被血液中的 CD23+ B 细胞捕获并运送到滤泡,传递给 CD8α+ 传统树突状细胞,并呈现给 CD4+ T 细胞。IgG1、IgG2a 和 IgG2b 与蛋白质复合物增强抗体反应需要激活 FcγRs。这些免疫复合物会被树突状细胞捕获并呈现给 CD4+ T 细胞,随后帮助同源 B 细胞。内源性反馈调节会影响对加强剂量疫苗的反应,被动注射抗 RhD 抗体可用于防止 RhD 阴性妇女怀有 RhD 阳性胎儿时发生同种免疫。
Antibodies are able to up- or downregulate antibody responses to the antigen they bind. Two major mechanisms can be distinguished. Suppression is most likely caused by epitope masking and can be induced by all isotypes tested (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgM, and IgE). Enhancement is often caused by the redistribution of antigen in a favorable way, either for presentation to B cells via follicular dendritic cells (IgM and IgG3) or to CD4+ T cells via dendritic cells (IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b). IgM and IgG3 complexes activate complement and are transported from the marginal zone to follicles by marginal zone B cells expressing complement receptors. IgE-antigen complexes are captured by CD23+ B cells in the blood and transported to follicles, delivered to CD8α+ conventional dendritic cells, and presented to CD4+ T cells. Enhancement of antibody responses by IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b in complex with proteins requires activating FcγRs. These immune complexes are captured by dendritic cells and presented to CD4+ T cells, subsequently helping cognate B cells. Endogenous feedback regulation influences the response to booster doses of vaccines and passive administration of anti-RhD antibodies is used to prevent alloimmunization of RhD-negative women carrying RhD-positive fetuses.
期刊介绍:
Immunological Reviews is a specialized journal that focuses on various aspects of immunological research. It encompasses a wide range of topics, such as clinical immunology, experimental immunology, and investigations related to allergy and the immune system.
The journal follows a unique approach where each volume is dedicated solely to a specific area of immunological research. However, collectively, these volumes aim to offer an extensive and up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in basic immunology and their practical implications in clinical settings.