Jiawei Lin, Jianmin Zhou, Liang Li, Ibrahim Tahir, Songgu Wu, Panče Naumov, Junbo Gong
{"title":"同结构但化学性质不同的分子晶体致动器具有不同的机械特性和光机械响应","authors":"Jiawei Lin, Jianmin Zhou, Liang Li, Ibrahim Tahir, Songgu Wu, Panče Naumov, Junbo Gong","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01332","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Deciphering the effect of small changes in crystal packing and intermolecular interactions on the type and magnitude of mechanical motion is central to the manipulation of the macrodynamic behavior of dynamic crystals as smart materials. Here, we describe a peculiar example where both the mechanical flexibility and the photomechanical motion in molecular crystals can be altered by a single small chemical substitution. Specifically, we demonstrate that the mechanical flexibility of an organic crystal switches from plastic bending to elastic/plastic bending by changing a single functional group of a thiophene ring from methyl (crystal <b>1</b>) to ethyl (crystal <b>2</b>), but they have an almost identical crystal structure. The different molecular packing also determines the rate of the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction, which further reflects on the type of photomechanical effect: while upon UV radiation, crystals <b>1</b> undergo bending or coiling, depending on the crystal thickness, crystals <b>2</b> do not display macroscopic photomechanical response. The bending of crystals <b>1</b> can be repeated up to 30 times, and this deformation can be applied to move objects that are 10<sup>3</sup>–10<sup>4</sup> times the mass of the crystals with an output force density of 10<sup>7</sup>–10<sup>8</sup> N/m<sup>3</sup> and output work density of 10<sup>2</sup>–10<sup>3</sup> J/m<sup>3</sup>, surpassing a variety of traditional actuators.","PeriodicalId":33,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry of Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Distinct Mechanical Properties and Photomechanical Response from Isostructural, yet Chemically Different Molecular Crystal Actuators\",\"authors\":\"Jiawei Lin, Jianmin Zhou, Liang Li, Ibrahim Tahir, Songgu Wu, Panče Naumov, Junbo Gong\",\"doi\":\"10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01332\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Deciphering the effect of small changes in crystal packing and intermolecular interactions on the type and magnitude of mechanical motion is central to the manipulation of the macrodynamic behavior of dynamic crystals as smart materials. Here, we describe a peculiar example where both the mechanical flexibility and the photomechanical motion in molecular crystals can be altered by a single small chemical substitution. Specifically, we demonstrate that the mechanical flexibility of an organic crystal switches from plastic bending to elastic/plastic bending by changing a single functional group of a thiophene ring from methyl (crystal <b>1</b>) to ethyl (crystal <b>2</b>), but they have an almost identical crystal structure. The different molecular packing also determines the rate of the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction, which further reflects on the type of photomechanical effect: while upon UV radiation, crystals <b>1</b> undergo bending or coiling, depending on the crystal thickness, crystals <b>2</b> do not display macroscopic photomechanical response. The bending of crystals <b>1</b> can be repeated up to 30 times, and this deformation can be applied to move objects that are 10<sup>3</sup>–10<sup>4</sup> times the mass of the crystals with an output force density of 10<sup>7</sup>–10<sup>8</sup> N/m<sup>3</sup> and output work density of 10<sup>2</sup>–10<sup>3</sup> J/m<sup>3</sup>, surpassing a variety of traditional actuators.\",\"PeriodicalId\":33,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Chemistry of Materials\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Chemistry of Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01332\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemistry of Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01332","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Distinct Mechanical Properties and Photomechanical Response from Isostructural, yet Chemically Different Molecular Crystal Actuators
Deciphering the effect of small changes in crystal packing and intermolecular interactions on the type and magnitude of mechanical motion is central to the manipulation of the macrodynamic behavior of dynamic crystals as smart materials. Here, we describe a peculiar example where both the mechanical flexibility and the photomechanical motion in molecular crystals can be altered by a single small chemical substitution. Specifically, we demonstrate that the mechanical flexibility of an organic crystal switches from plastic bending to elastic/plastic bending by changing a single functional group of a thiophene ring from methyl (crystal 1) to ethyl (crystal 2), but they have an almost identical crystal structure. The different molecular packing also determines the rate of the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction, which further reflects on the type of photomechanical effect: while upon UV radiation, crystals 1 undergo bending or coiling, depending on the crystal thickness, crystals 2 do not display macroscopic photomechanical response. The bending of crystals 1 can be repeated up to 30 times, and this deformation can be applied to move objects that are 103–104 times the mass of the crystals with an output force density of 107–108 N/m3 and output work density of 102–103 J/m3, surpassing a variety of traditional actuators.
期刊介绍:
The journal Chemistry of Materials focuses on publishing original research at the intersection of materials science and chemistry. The studies published in the journal involve chemistry as a prominent component and explore topics such as the design, synthesis, characterization, processing, understanding, and application of functional or potentially functional materials. The journal covers various areas of interest, including inorganic and organic solid-state chemistry, nanomaterials, biomaterials, thin films and polymers, and composite/hybrid materials. The journal particularly seeks papers that highlight the creation or development of innovative materials with novel optical, electrical, magnetic, catalytic, or mechanical properties. It is essential that manuscripts on these topics have a primary focus on the chemistry of materials and represent a significant advancement compared to prior research. Before external reviews are sought, submitted manuscripts undergo a review process by a minimum of two editors to ensure their appropriateness for the journal and the presence of sufficient evidence of a significant advance that will be of broad interest to the materials chemistry community.