利用动态水流粒子追踪技术调查山区流域的源头水与地下水连接、水源和蓄水选择行为

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
P. James Dennedy-Frank, Ate Visser, Fadji Z. Maina, Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn
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引用次数: 0

摘要

气候变化将直接影响山区流域的溪流--降水量和降水变化,以及间接影响--温度变化改变积雪、融雪和蒸发。为了了解这些复杂的过程将如何影响生态系统功能和水资源,我们需要一些工具来区分水源(降雨/融雪)、地下水储存和出口通量(溪流/蒸散)之间的联系,并确定这些联系如何随着季节和气候的变化而变化。在此,我们开发了新颖的流域尺度方法,利用动态通量粒子跟踪模型(EcoSLIM)了解水源、储水和出口通量之间的联系,该模型应用于连接内华达山脉和中央山谷的加利福尼亚科苏米斯流域。这项工作开发了新的可视化和应用软件,为解释流域尺度上的同位素现场数据提供了机制上的理解,从而区分水源、水流路径、停留时间和存储选择。在我们的模拟中,溪流主要来自雪水,而蒸发通常来自雨水。大部分溪流从海拔 1000 米以上开始,而蒸发蒸腾则相对均匀地来自整个流域,并且通常比溪流更年轻。模拟的溪流主要由前 5 年但在当前水年之前的降水量组成,而蒸散发主要由当前水年的降水量组成。蒸散发(其次是溪流)都比地下水储存水量年轻。然而,融雪形成的溪流更倾向于从积雪储水中排出较老的水。本文介绍的动态流量粒子跟踪和新方法可在大尺度流域中进行新颖的模型-示踪剂比较,从而更好地了解气候变化下的流域行为。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Investigating Mountain Watershed Headwater-To-Groundwater Connections, Water Sources, and Storage Selection Behavior With Dynamic-Flux Particle Tracking

Investigating Mountain Watershed Headwater-To-Groundwater Connections, Water Sources, and Storage Selection Behavior With Dynamic-Flux Particle Tracking

Climate change will impact mountain watershed streamflow both directly—with changing precipitation amounts and variability—and indirectly—through temperature shifts altering snowpack, melt, and evapotranspiration. To understand how these complex processes will affect ecosystem functioning and water resources, we need tools to distinguish connections between water sources (rain/snowmelt), groundwater storage, and exit fluxes (streamflow/evapotranspiration), and to determine how these connections change seasonally and as climate shifts. Here, we develop novel watershed-scale approaches to understand water source, storage, and exit flux connections using a dynamic-flux particle tracking model (EcoSLIM) applied in California's Cosumnes Watershed, which connects the Sierra Nevada and Central Valley. This work develops new visualizations and applications to provide mechanistic understanding that underpins the interpretation of isotopic field data at watershed scales to distinguish sources, flow paths, residence times, and storage selection. In our simulations, streamflow comes primarily from snow-derived water while evapotranspiration generally comes from rain. Most streamflow starts above 1,000 m while evapotranspiration is sourced relatively evenly across the watershed and is generally younger than streamflow. Modeled streamflow consists primarily of water sourced from precipitation in the previous 5 years but before the current water year, while ET consists primarily of water from precipitation in the current water year. ET, and to a lesser extent streamflow, are both younger than water in groundwater storage. However, snowmelt-derived streamflow preferentially discharges older water from snow-derived storage. Dynamic-flux particle tracking and new approaches presented here enable novel model-tracer comparisons in large-scale watersheds to better understand watershed behavior in a changing climate.

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来源期刊
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
11.80%
发文量
241
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES) is committed to advancing the science of Earth systems modeling by offering high-quality scientific research through online availability and open access licensing. JAMES invites authors and readers from the international Earth systems modeling community. Open access. Articles are available free of charge for everyone with Internet access to view and download. Formal peer review. Supplemental material, such as code samples, images, and visualizations, is published at no additional charge. No additional charge for color figures. Modest page charges to cover production costs. Articles published in high-quality full text PDF, HTML, and XML. Internal and external reference linking, DOI registration, and forward linking via CrossRef.
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