Zexuan Liu, Jonathan A Dudley, Jed A Diekfuss, Nadine Ahmed, Alex D Edmondson, Kim M Cecil, Weihong Yuan, Taylor M Zuleger, Alexis B Slutsky-Ganesh, Kim D Barber Foss, Gregory D Myer, Candace C Fleischer
{"title":"用核磁共振光谱仪测量的脑代谢物与高中美式橄榄球运动员头部受到的撞击之间的关系。","authors":"Zexuan Liu, Jonathan A Dudley, Jed A Diekfuss, Nadine Ahmed, Alex D Edmondson, Kim M Cecil, Weihong Yuan, Taylor M Zuleger, Alexis B Slutsky-Ganesh, Kim D Barber Foss, Gregory D Myer, Candace C Fleischer","doi":"10.1002/jmri.29581","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While changes in brain metabolites after injury have been reported, relationships between metabolite changes and head impacts are less characterized.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate alterations in neurochemistry in high school athletes as a function of head impacts, concussion, and the use of a jugular vein compression (JVC) collar.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Prospective controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>A total of 284 male American football players, divided into JVC collar and noncollar groups; 215 included in final analysis (age = 15.9 ± 1.0 years; 114 in collar group).</p><p><strong>Field strength/sequence: </strong>3 Tesla/T<sub>1</sub>-weighted gradient echo, <sup>1</sup>H point resolved spectroscopy, acquired between August and November 2018.</p><p><strong>Assessment: </strong>Head impacts were quantified using accelerometers. Concussion was diagnosed by medical professionals for each team. Pre- to postseason differences in total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (myoI), and glutamate + glutamine (Glx), in primary motor cortex (M1) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), relative to total creatine (tCr), were determined.</p><p><strong>Statistical tests: </strong>Group-wise comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank, Friedman's, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Relationships between ∆metabolite/tCr and mean g-force were analyzed using linear regressions accounting for concussion and JVC collar. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In participants without concussion, a significant decrease in tCho/tCr (0.233 ± 1.40 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 0.227 ± 1.47 × 10<sup>-7</sup>) and increase in Glx/tCr (1.60 ± 8.75 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 1.63 ± 1.08 × 10<sup>-2</sup>) in ACC were observed pre- to postseason. The relationship between ∆tCho/tCr in M1 and ACC and mean g-force from >80 g to >140 g differed significantly between participants with and without concussion (M1 β ranged from 3.9 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 2.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>; ACC β ranged from 2.7 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 2.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>). Posthoc analyses revealed increased tCho/tCr in M1 was positively associated with mean g-force >100 g (β = 3.6 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) and >110 g (β = 2.9 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) in participants with concussion. Significant associations between <math> <semantics><mrow><mo>∆</mo> <mtext>myoI</mtext> <mo>/</mo> <mi>tCr</mi></mrow> <annotation>$$ \\Delta \\mathrm{myoI}/\\mathrm{tCr} $$</annotation></semantics> </math> in ACC and mean g-force >110 g (β = -1.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) and >120 g (β = -1.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) were observed in the collar group only.</p><p><strong>Data conclusion: </strong>Diagnosed concussion and the use of a JVC collar result in distinct neurochemical trends after repeated head impacts.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":3,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Associations Between Brain Metabolites Measured With MR Spectroscopy and Head Impacts in High School American Football Athletes.\",\"authors\":\"Zexuan Liu, Jonathan A Dudley, Jed A Diekfuss, Nadine Ahmed, Alex D Edmondson, Kim M Cecil, Weihong Yuan, Taylor M Zuleger, Alexis B Slutsky-Ganesh, Kim D Barber Foss, Gregory D Myer, Candace C Fleischer\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/jmri.29581\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While changes in brain metabolites after injury have been reported, relationships between metabolite changes and head impacts are less characterized.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate alterations in neurochemistry in high school athletes as a function of head impacts, concussion, and the use of a jugular vein compression (JVC) collar.</p><p><strong>Study type: </strong>Prospective controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>A total of 284 male American football players, divided into JVC collar and noncollar groups; 215 included in final analysis (age = 15.9 ± 1.0 years; 114 in collar group).</p><p><strong>Field strength/sequence: </strong>3 Tesla/T<sub>1</sub>-weighted gradient echo, <sup>1</sup>H point resolved spectroscopy, acquired between August and November 2018.</p><p><strong>Assessment: </strong>Head impacts were quantified using accelerometers. Concussion was diagnosed by medical professionals for each team. Pre- to postseason differences in total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (myoI), and glutamate + glutamine (Glx), in primary motor cortex (M1) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), relative to total creatine (tCr), were determined.</p><p><strong>Statistical tests: </strong>Group-wise comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank, Friedman's, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Relationships between ∆metabolite/tCr and mean g-force were analyzed using linear regressions accounting for concussion and JVC collar. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In participants without concussion, a significant decrease in tCho/tCr (0.233 ± 1.40 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 0.227 ± 1.47 × 10<sup>-7</sup>) and increase in Glx/tCr (1.60 ± 8.75 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 1.63 ± 1.08 × 10<sup>-2</sup>) in ACC were observed pre- to postseason. The relationship between ∆tCho/tCr in M1 and ACC and mean g-force from >80 g to >140 g differed significantly between participants with and without concussion (M1 β ranged from 3.9 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 2.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>; ACC β ranged from 2.7 × 10<sup>-3</sup> to 2.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>). Posthoc analyses revealed increased tCho/tCr in M1 was positively associated with mean g-force >100 g (β = 3.6 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) and >110 g (β = 2.9 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) in participants with concussion. Significant associations between <math> <semantics><mrow><mo>∆</mo> <mtext>myoI</mtext> <mo>/</mo> <mi>tCr</mi></mrow> <annotation>$$ \\\\Delta \\\\mathrm{myoI}/\\\\mathrm{tCr} $$</annotation></semantics> </math> in ACC and mean g-force >110 g (β = -1.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) and >120 g (β = -1.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup>) were observed in the collar group only.</p><p><strong>Data conclusion: </strong>Diagnosed concussion and the use of a JVC collar result in distinct neurochemical trends after repeated head impacts.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":3,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ACS Applied Electronic Materials\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ACS Applied Electronic Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.29581\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Electronic Materials","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.29581","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
Associations Between Brain Metabolites Measured With MR Spectroscopy and Head Impacts in High School American Football Athletes.
Background: While changes in brain metabolites after injury have been reported, relationships between metabolite changes and head impacts are less characterized.
Purpose: To investigate alterations in neurochemistry in high school athletes as a function of head impacts, concussion, and the use of a jugular vein compression (JVC) collar.
Study type: Prospective controlled trial.
Subjects: A total of 284 male American football players, divided into JVC collar and noncollar groups; 215 included in final analysis (age = 15.9 ± 1.0 years; 114 in collar group).
Field strength/sequence: 3 Tesla/T1-weighted gradient echo, 1H point resolved spectroscopy, acquired between August and November 2018.
Assessment: Head impacts were quantified using accelerometers. Concussion was diagnosed by medical professionals for each team. Pre- to postseason differences in total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (myoI), and glutamate + glutamine (Glx), in primary motor cortex (M1) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), relative to total creatine (tCr), were determined.
Statistical tests: Group-wise comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank, Friedman's, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Relationships between ∆metabolite/tCr and mean g-force were analyzed using linear regressions accounting for concussion and JVC collar. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.
Results: In participants without concussion, a significant decrease in tCho/tCr (0.233 ± 1.40 × 10-3 to 0.227 ± 1.47 × 10-7) and increase in Glx/tCr (1.60 ± 8.75 × 10-3 to 1.63 ± 1.08 × 10-2) in ACC were observed pre- to postseason. The relationship between ∆tCho/tCr in M1 and ACC and mean g-force from >80 g to >140 g differed significantly between participants with and without concussion (M1 β ranged from 3.9 × 10-3 to 2.1 × 10-3; ACC β ranged from 2.7 × 10-3 to 2.1 × 10-3). Posthoc analyses revealed increased tCho/tCr in M1 was positively associated with mean g-force >100 g (β = 3.6 × 10-3) and >110 g (β = 2.9 × 10-3) in participants with concussion. Significant associations between in ACC and mean g-force >110 g (β = -1.1 × 10-3) and >120 g (β = -1.1 × 10-3) were observed in the collar group only.
Data conclusion: Diagnosed concussion and the use of a JVC collar result in distinct neurochemical trends after repeated head impacts.
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