Pore pressure prediction based on rock physics theory and its application in seismic inversion

Formation overpressure seriously affects drilling and downhole operation. Accurate prediction on the formation pore pressure can not only reduce the probability of drilling accidents, but also quantitatively evaluate the original formation pressure of underground pore space, which provides an important reference for site selection of carbon sink projects using underground space resources such as CO₂ geological storage. It is therefore necessary to set up a widely applicable method that is based on rock physics theory and conforms to the characteristics of rock mechanics and fluid mechanic. This method is suitable for both logging prediction and seismic inversion of pore pressure. The traditional method of predicting pore pressure based on P-wave velocity has multiple solutions, and the prediction based on S-wave velocity which is not sensitive to fluid has new significance. Based on the Hertz-Mindlin petrophysical model that considering pressure variation and the Gassmann fluid substitution equation that addresses the change in fluid saturation, this paper firstly derived rock physical formulas for predicting pore pressure in logging, and then derived the intrinsic power function relationship between the effective pressure (P_e) and S-wave velocity (V_s) as well as S-wave impedance (I_s). Based on this, a set of geophysical methods integrating S-wave velocity prediction, pore pressure prediction in well and seismic inversion is finally established. The efficacy of this method has been well validated, with an average error of 2.35% in S-wave velocities prediction, 4.5% in single-well pore pressure prediction. The results of seismic inversion of pore pressure are consistent with the phenomenon of overpressure development in actual working area. This method can be further extended to other areas, providing invaluable reference for underground operation such as oil and gas exploration and CO₂ geological storage.