Reconstructive Endovascular Treatment of Compensative-Flow-Related Posterior Circulation Aneurysms With Anterior Circulation Artery Occlusion.

Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to delineate the reconstructive endovascular treatment and periprocedural management of compensative-flow-related posterior circulation aneurysms with anterior circulation artery occlusion.

Methods: A total of 87 patients were enrolled in this retrospective double-center cohort study from May 2011 to November 2023. The baseline demographics, aneurysm characteristics, etiology and status of anterior circulation artery occlusion, treatment modalities, anesthesia management, complications, and clinical and angiographic outcomes of the patients were retrospectively analyzed in this study.

Results: Atherosclerosis and moyamoya disease were found to be the two main etiologies of anterior circulation artery occlusion. The mean American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology scores were significantly higher in patients with posterior communicating artery trunk collaterals than those with posterior cerebral artery pial collaterals ( P < .05). Treatment strategies included stent-assisted coiling (55, 63.2%), standard coiling (22, 25.3%), and flow diversion or flow diversion-assisted coiling (8, 9.2%). The overall rate of procedure-related ischemic and hemorrhagic complications (10.3%) was considered acceptable. The ischemic complication was significantly associated with a >20% drop in mean arterial pressure ( P < .05) during the procedure. Finally, 86.2% of all patients showed a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at the final clinical follow-up.

Conclusion: Our study indicates that reconstructive endovascular treatments are feasible and effective strategies for compensative-flow-related posterior circulation aneurysms with anterior circulation artery occlusion. However, these treatments are associated with a risk of periprocedural ischemic complications, which can be reduced by collateral arterial assessment, appropriate periprocedural anesthesia management, and antiplatelet treatment.