履约不力和豁免为持续砍伐森林提供了便利。

IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Hannah Thomas, Michelle S Ward, Jeremy S Simmonds, Martin F J Taylor, Martine Maron
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管许多国家已制定了广泛的环境保护法律,并承诺遵守应对生物多样性和气候危机的国际协议,但在减少森林砍伐方面仍步履维艰。我们开发了一个新颖的框架,用于量化国家和国家以下各级法律对当代森林砍伐的控制程度。然后,我们将这一框架应用于澳大利亚北部的案例研究,澳大利亚北部是开发和森林砍伐的热点地区,其生态系统具有全球意义。首先,森林砍伐可能符合所有相关法律的规定,或是通过评估和批准,或是因为法律中的豁免规定。第二,森林砍伐可能至少符合一项相关法律,但不符合所有法律。第三,尽管表面上要求对毁林进行评估或免除评估,但可能没有证据表明这一点,这可能意味着毁林可能不合规。最后,毁林发生的地区或情况可能超出任何相关法律的预期范围。我们分析的所有毁林行为假设都属于一项或多项法律的管辖范围。但是,65% 的毁林行为可能不符合至少一项法律的规定。由于多部法律可能与某一砍伐事件相关,因此大部分砍伐仍然至少符合一部法律,但在这些事件中,只有一小部分得到了明确批准(19%)。其余的则是在各种豁免条件下被允许的。在我们分析的所有立法中,大部分豁免清算发生在一个次国家法律之下,大部分可能不合规的清算发生在一个国家法律之下。我们的研究结果表明,即使是拥有一整套成熟的环境保护法律的国家,在实现有关森林砍伐的国际承诺方面也有很大差距。我们的框架可用于确定各国为使地方法律与这些国际协定保持一致而需要的政策变革途径。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Poor compliance and exemptions facilitate ongoing deforestation.

Many nations are struggling to reduce deforestation, despite having extensive environmental protection laws in place and commitments to international agreements that address the biodiversity and climate crises. We developed a novel framework to quantify the extent to which contemporary deforestation is being captured under national and subnational laws. We then applied this framework to northern Australia as a case study, a development and deforestation hotspot with ecosystems of global significance. First, deforestation may be compliant under all relevant legislation, either through assessment and approval or because of exemptions in the legislation. Second, deforestation may be compliant under at least one relevant law, but not all. Third, there may be no evidence of deforestation assessment or exemption from assessment, despite their apparent requirement, which could mean the deforestation is potentially noncompliant. Finally, deforestation may occur in an area or under circumstances that are beyond the intended scope of any relevant legislation. All deforestation that we analyzed was hypothetically covered by one or more laws. However, 65% of deforestation was potentially noncompliant with at least one law. Because multiple laws could be relevant to a given clearing event, the majority of clearing was still compliant with at least one law, but of these events, only a small proportion was explicitly approved (19%). The remaining were permitted under various exemptions. Of all the legislation we analyzed, most of the exempt clearing occurred under one subnational law and most potentially noncompliant clearing occurred under one national law. Our results showed that even a nation with a suite of mature environmental protection laws is falling well short of achieving international commitments regarding deforestation. Our framework can be used to pinpoint the pathways of policy change required for nations to align local laws with these international accords.

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来源期刊
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.
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