衡量《南极条约》决策的绩效。

IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Natasha Blaize Gardiner, Neil Gilbert, Daniela Liggett, Michael Bode
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引用次数: 0

摘要

南极条约协商会议(ATCMs)达成的协议是解决南极保护和环境保护问题的主要手段之一。然而,根据当代学者的研究,《南极条约》的决策越来越无法应对该地区日益严峻的环境挑战。我们通过测量过去 60 年间决策的速度和多样性来评估《南极条约》决策的绩效。为了衡量速度,我们统计了《南极条约》的投入和产出数量,并计算了具有法律约束力的产出生效所需的时间。为了衡量多样性,我们计算了 ATCM 投入和产出所涉及的主题范围。从 1961 年到 2022 年,每项 ATCM 达成的协议平均数量有所增加。尽管在南极条约与协调委员会上讨论的南极议题的多样性一直很高,但通过的具有法律约束力的协议的议题的多样性却显著下降。南极问题--包括那些最优先的问题--现在几乎完全通过不具约束力的软法律协定来处理。这种远离具有约束力的决定的做法反映出一个动态的治理机构正在不断发展,以应对新的压力,这种说法似是而非。然而,我们认为,这一变化揭示了决策行为和绩效方面令人担忧的转变,这在条约历史上是独一无二的。软法律在某些情况下是有益的,但其过度使用会削弱问责制和透明度,大大降低缔约方了解和衡量其绩效的能力,包括决策的结果和影响。尽管 ATCM 投入和产出的比率和多样性仅提供了决策绩效的部分视角,但对这些指标的探索为提出有关《南极条约》治理对该地区环境保护和养护的影响的基本问题奠定了基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Measuring the performance of Antarctic Treaty decision-making.

Agreements reached at the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCMs) are among the primary means for addressing Antarctic conservation and environmental protection issues. However, according to contemporary scholars, Antarctic Treaty decision-making is becoming increasingly unresponsive to the rising environmental challenges in the region. We assessed the performance of Antarctic Treaty decision-making by measuring the rate and diversity of decision-making over the last 6 decades. To measure the rate, we counted the number of inputs and outputs of ATCMs and calculated the time taken for legally binding outputs to enter into force. To measure diversity, we calculated the range of topics addressed by the inputs and outputs of ATCMs. The average number of agreements reached per ATCM increased from 1961 to 2022. Although the diversity of Antarctic topics discussed at ATCMs remained consistently high, the diversity of topics on which legally binding agreements were adopted declined significantly. Antarctic issues-including those of highest priority-are now almost entirely dealt with through nonbinding, soft-law agreements. It is plausible that this move away from binding decisions reflects a dynamic governance institution evolving to respond to new pressures. However, we suggest that the change reveals a concerning shift in decision-making behavior and performance, unique to the treaty's history. Soft law is beneficial in some cases, but its overuse diminishes accountability and transparency, significantly reducing the parties' abilities to understand and measure their performance, including the outcomes and impacts of decisions. Although the rate and diversity of ATCM inputs and outputs provide only a partial view of decision-making performance, the exploration of these metrics provides a foundation for asking essential questions about the impacts of Antarctic Treaty governance on the region's environmental protection and conservation.

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来源期刊
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.
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