Elena L. Zvereva, Benjamin Adroit, Tommi Andersson, Craig R. A. Barnett, Sofia Branco, Bastien Castagneyrol, Giancarlo Maria Chiarenza, Wesley Dáttilo, Ek del-Val, Jan Filip, Jory Griffith, Anna L. Hargreaves, Juan Antonio Hernández-Agüero, Isabelle L. H. Silva, Yixuan Hong, Gabriella Kietzka, Petr Klimeš, Max Koistinen, Oksana Y. Kruglova, Satu Kumpula, Paula Lopezosa, Marti March-Salas, Robert J. Marquis, Yuri M. Marusik, Angela T. Moles, Anne Muola, Mercy Murkwe, Akihiro Nakamura, Cameron Olson, Emilio Pagani-Núñez, Anna Popova, Olivia Rahn, Alexey Reshchikov, Antonio Rodriguez-Campbell, Seppo Rytkönen, Katerina Sam, Antigoni Sounapoglou, Robert Tropek, Cheng Wenda, Guorui Xu, Yu Zeng, Maxim Zolotarev, Natalia A. Zubrii, Vitali Zverev, Mikhail V. Kozlov
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Kozlov","doi":"10.1111/geb.13899","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Aim</h3>\n \n <p>Long-standing theory predicts that the intensity of biotic interactions increases from high to low latitudes. Studies addressing geographic variation in predation on insect prey have often relied on prey models, which lack many characteristics of live prey. Our goals were to explore global latitudinal patterns of predator attack rates on standardised live insect prey and to compare the patterns in predation on live insects with those on plasticine prey models.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Location</h3>\n \n <p>Global forested areas.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Time Period</h3>\n \n <p>2021–2023.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Major Taxa</h3>\n \n <p>Arthropods, birds.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>We measured predation rates in 43 forested locations distributed across five continents from 34.1° S to 69.5° N latitude. At each location, we exposed 20 sets of three bait types, one set per tree. Each set included three live fly larvae (maggots), three live fly puparia and three plasticine models of the puparia. We used glue rings to isolate half of the sets from non-flying predators.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Arthropod attack rates on plasticine prey decreased linearly from low to high latitudes, whereas attack rates on maggots had a U shaped distribution, with the lowest predation rates at temperate latitudes and the highest rates at tropical and boreal latitudes. This difference emerged from intensive predator attacks on live maggots, but not on plasticine models, in boreal sites. Site-specific attack rates of arthropod predators on live and plasticine prey were not correlated. In contrast, bird attack rates on live maggots and plasticine models were positively correlated, but did not show significant latitudinal changes.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Latitudinal patterns in predation differ between major groups of predators and between types of prey. Poleward decreases in both arthropod and combined arthropod and bird predation on plasticine models do not mirror patterns of predation on our live prey, the latter likely reflecting real patterns of predation risk better than do patterns of attack on artificial prey.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":176,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Biogeography","volume":"33 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/geb.13899","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Predation on Live and Artificial Insect Prey Shows Different Global Latitudinal Patterns\",\"authors\":\"Elena L. Zvereva, Benjamin Adroit, Tommi Andersson, Craig R. A. Barnett, Sofia Branco, Bastien Castagneyrol, Giancarlo Maria Chiarenza, Wesley Dáttilo, Ek del-Val, Jan Filip, Jory Griffith, Anna L. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的长期以来的理论预测，生物相互作用的强度从高纬度向低纬度递增。针对昆虫猎物捕食的地理差异的研究通常依赖于猎物模型，而这种模型缺乏活体猎物的许多特征。我们的目标是探索捕食者对标准化活体昆虫猎物攻击率的全球纬度模式，并比较活体昆虫与塑性猎物模型的捕食模式。在每个地点，我们投放了 20 套三种类型的诱饵，每棵树一套。每组包括三只活苍蝇幼虫（蛆）、三只活苍蝇蛹和三只蛹的塑料模型。结果节肢动物对塑化猎物的攻击率从低纬度到高纬度呈线性下降，而对蝇蛆的攻击率呈 U 型分布，温带纬度的捕食率最低，热带和寒带纬度的捕食率最高。在北方地区，捕食者对活体蝇蛆进行密集攻击，而对塑化模型则不进行攻击，从而产生了这种差异。节肢动物捕食者对活体猎物和塑化猎物的攻击率与具体地点无关。相比之下，鸟类对活蛆和塑化模型的攻击率呈正相关，但没有显示出显著的纬度变化。节肢动物以及节肢动物和鸟类对塑化剂模型捕食量的极向减少并不反映我们对活体猎物的捕食模式，后者可能比对人工猎物的攻击模式更能反映捕食风险的真实模式。
Predation on Live and Artificial Insect Prey Shows Different Global Latitudinal Patterns
Aim
Long-standing theory predicts that the intensity of biotic interactions increases from high to low latitudes. Studies addressing geographic variation in predation on insect prey have often relied on prey models, which lack many characteristics of live prey. Our goals were to explore global latitudinal patterns of predator attack rates on standardised live insect prey and to compare the patterns in predation on live insects with those on plasticine prey models.
Location
Global forested areas.
Time Period
2021–2023.
Major Taxa
Arthropods, birds.
Methods
We measured predation rates in 43 forested locations distributed across five continents from 34.1° S to 69.5° N latitude. At each location, we exposed 20 sets of three bait types, one set per tree. Each set included three live fly larvae (maggots), three live fly puparia and three plasticine models of the puparia. We used glue rings to isolate half of the sets from non-flying predators.
Results
Arthropod attack rates on plasticine prey decreased linearly from low to high latitudes, whereas attack rates on maggots had a U shaped distribution, with the lowest predation rates at temperate latitudes and the highest rates at tropical and boreal latitudes. This difference emerged from intensive predator attacks on live maggots, but not on plasticine models, in boreal sites. Site-specific attack rates of arthropod predators on live and plasticine prey were not correlated. In contrast, bird attack rates on live maggots and plasticine models were positively correlated, but did not show significant latitudinal changes.
Main Conclusions
Latitudinal patterns in predation differ between major groups of predators and between types of prey. Poleward decreases in both arthropod and combined arthropod and bird predation on plasticine models do not mirror patterns of predation on our live prey, the latter likely reflecting real patterns of predation risk better than do patterns of attack on artificial prey.
期刊介绍：
Global Ecology and Biogeography (GEB) welcomes papers that investigate broad-scale (in space, time and/or taxonomy), general patterns in the organization of ecological systems and assemblages, and the processes that underlie them. In particular, GEB welcomes studies that use macroecological methods, comparative analyses, meta-analyses, reviews, spatial analyses and modelling to arrive at general, conceptual conclusions. Studies in GEB need not be global in spatial extent, but the conclusions and implications of the study must be relevant to ecologists and biogeographers globally, rather than being limited to local areas, or specific taxa. Similarly, GEB is not limited to spatial studies; we are equally interested in the general patterns of nature through time, among taxa (e.g., body sizes, dispersal abilities), through the course of evolution, etc. Further, GEB welcomes papers that investigate general impacts of human activities on ecological systems in accordance with the above criteria.
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