Rheological analysis of magnetized trihybrid nanofluid drug carriers in unsteady blood flow through a single-stenotic artery

In this work, we use the Casson fluid model to analyze the blood flow through a cylindrical stenosis artery. Blood is utilized as a base fluid and aluminium oxide ($A{l}_2{O}_3$), copper ($Cu$), and titanium oxide ($Ti{O}_2$) of cylindrical shapes are used as nanoparticles (NPs), which bind to blood to form $Ti{O}_2-Cu-A{l}_2{O}_3/$Blood tri-hybrid nanofluid (THNF). Mathematical analysis has been conducted by considering the blood as a non-Newtonian fluid. The flow is subjected to an external magnetic field that is applied in the radial direction while considering the arterial vessels with a wall permeability effect. For the solution of nonlinear resultant equations, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is utilized. The present model has been validated by comparing the results of our proposed model with existing work. Key factors like velocity, flow rate, temperature, and wall shear stress are calculated at a precise height of the stenosis. It is noted that the Casson fluid parameter improves the temperature profile. Additionally, it has been noted that tri-hybrid nanofluids have a higher thermal conductivity than hybrid nanofluids (HNFs). Implanting the tri-hybrid nanoparticles (Cu, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂) in the blood leads to promote its axial velocity. When the outer magnetic field is functional in the direction radial to flow of the blood, the velocity profile experiences a substantial decrease, while temperature and concentration profiles are rather less changed. The applications of these simulations include the diffusion of nanodrugs and the magnetic targeted treatment of stenosed artery diseases.