Epidemiology, Treatment Patterns and Survival in Canadian Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) globally. We described and evaluated the outcomes of patients with CHB-HCC in Canada. In this retrospective cross-sectional cohort study, data were analysed from CHB mono-infected subjects seen between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2022, and entered the Canadian Hepatitis B Network Registry. Descriptive analysis and chi-squared modelling were used to compare cohorts, followed by multivariable survival analysis regarding survival post-diagnosis. Statistical analyses were completed in R version 2.2. Of the 6711 patients with CHB who met inclusion criteria, 232 (3.5%) developed HCC. Compared with the CHB cohort, the majority of CHB-HCC cohort were male, SEA and HBeAg negative and born in endemic area (80% vs. 56%, 73% vs. 55%, 84% vs. 54%, 64% vs. 40% and all p < 0001). Overall, median HBV DNA level was log 2.54 (IQR: 0–4.04). Advanced liver disease, defined as minimum Fibrosis stage F3, was seen in 9.4% of overall cohort, but 92% of HCC cohort. At diagnosis, median tumour size was 2.5 cm (IQR: 1.7–4.0) and mean tumour number was 1.33 (SD: 1.33), with 81% of patients BCLC 0-A. Fifty-three per cent of patients were diagnosed with HCC as part of surveillance protocols. The survival rate after HCC diagnosis was 78.7%, during the median follow-up of 52.9 months (IQR: 17–90). In multivariable analysis, survival was significantly correlated with diagnosis through the screening programme. In this large cohort of patients with CHB-HCC, the majority of patients were detected with early-stage HCC and received treatment with curative intent, resulting in strong survival rates.