机制、动机和发酵:对博莱利生理学的重新评估

IF 0.5 2区 哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Antonio Clericuzio, Carmen Schmechel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

按照标准的观点,博雷利是一个严格的机械主义者,他试图用看不见的机制来解释有机过程。本文旨在说明,他在《De motu animalium》一书中对生物体的看法远比历史学家所认为的要细微得多。博雷利将 "动力"(vis motiva)作为生物体活动的源泉,这一观点与严格的机制相悖。他将动力与精神,即自我运动的物质微粒相提并论。博雷利将解剖学和机械学结合起来,并将后者与化学实验和类比结合起来。与十七世纪晚期的大多数生理学家一样,博雷利借助发酵来解释消化、生成和肌肉运动等生理过程。他将发酵过程分为两种:一种是缓慢的发酵过程,如消化过程;另一种是快速的发酵过程,如血液的假定流动,他认为血液的流动是肌肉运动的原因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mechanism, vis motiva, and Fermentation: a Reassessment of Borelli’s Physiology

According to the standard view, Borelli was a strict mechanist who sought to explain organic processes by resorting to invisible mechanisms. This paper aims to show that his outlook on living organisms as contained in De motu animalium was far more nuanced than historians have maintained. Borelli resorted to vis motiva as the source of activity of corpuscles, a notion that was at odds with strict mechanism. He identified motive force with spirits, namely with self-moving particles of matter. Borelli combined anatomy and mechanism and integrated the latter with chemical experiments and analogies. Like most late–seventeenth century physiologists, Borelli resorted to fermentation to account for several physiological processes such as digestion, generation, and muscular motion. He distinguished two kinds of fermentative processes: a slow one, as in the case of digestion, and a quick one, as in the case of the presumed effervescence of the blood which he maintained was the cause of muscular movement.

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来源期刊
Early Science and Medicine
Early Science and Medicine HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
22
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Early Science and Medicine (ESM) is a peer-reviewed international journal dedicated to the history of science, medicine and technology from the earliest times through to the end of the eighteenth century. The need to treat in a single journal all aspects of scientific activity and thought to the eighteenth century is due to two factors: to the continued importance of ancient sources throughout the Middle Ages and the early modern period, and to the comparably low degree of specialization and the high degree of disciplinary interdependence characterizing the period before the professionalization of science.
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