在农业后例外主义中重新调整国家与农民的关系:德国 2022 年后共同农业政策中的直接支付实施情况

IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY
Pascal Grohmann, Peter H. Feindt
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引用次数: 0

摘要

经合组织国家的农业政策曾将农业视为需要并理应得到国家广泛支持的特殊部门,但自 20 世纪 80 年代中期以来,受自由主义和多功能主义的影响,农业政策发生了部分转变。随之而来的后例外主义政策安排在新旧理念、制度、工具和利益之间产生了巨大的张力。然而,国家与农民之间关系的相关变化却很少得到分析。为了弥补这一空白,本文以德国和占共同农业政策预算 75% 的政策工具为例,研究了 2022 年后共同农业政策(CAP)直接支付实施过程中的国家与农民关系。基于对政策工具的政治社会学研究方法,我们建立了一个框架,从作为制度的工具、技术和微观设备这三个观察层面来重建政策工具背后的问题化、主体构成和协调模式。通过对政策文件、立法文本和政策工具的分析发现,直接支付的几个组成部分的区分意味着在工具层面存在相互矛盾的问题:农业收入、支付分配和公共产品报酬。用于实施直接支付的技术和微观手段使资格和遵守行为要求成为问题。因此,农民实际上被视为依赖者、有条件的受益者和潜在的偏差者。在转移支付中隐含的非等级协调模式与设定分类和行为条件及合规控制所涉及的等级模式相叠加。因此,对国家与农民关系的分析补充了之前对农业后发主义不结盟层面之间紧张关系的解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Realigning state-farmer relations in agricultural post-exceptionalism: Direct payment implementation in the Common Agricultural Policy post-2022 in Germany

Agricultural policies in OECD countries, which had treated farming as an exceptional sector that needs and deserves extensive state support, have been partially transformed by liberal and multi-functionalist influences since the mid-1980s. The ensuing post-exceptionalist policy arrangements entail significant tensions between old and new ideas, institutions, instruments, and interests. Related changes in relationships between the state and farmers, however, have rarely been analysed. To address this gap, this paper examines state-farmer relations in the implementation of direct payments in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) post-2022, using Germany and the policy instrument that absorbs 75% of the CAP budget as a case. Based on the political sociology approach to policy instruments, we develop a framework to reconstruct the problematizations, subject constitution and modes of coordination underlying policy instruments along three levels of observation: instruments as institutions, techniques and micro-devices. An analysis of policy documents, legislative texts and policy artefacts finds that the differentiation of several direct payment components implies contradictory problematizations at instrument level: farm income, payment distribution, and remuneration of public goods. The techniques and micro-devices used to implement direct payments problematize eligibility and compliance with behavioural requirements. Hence, farmers are effectively constituted as dependent, only conditionally deserving beneficiaries and potential deviants. The non-hierarchical modes of coordination implied in transfer payments are overlaid by hierarchical modes involved in the setting of categorical and behavioural conditions and compliance controls. Analysing state-farmer relations therefore supplements earlier explanations for tensions created between non-aligned dimensions of agricultural post-exceptionalism.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
9.80%
发文量
286
期刊介绍: The Journal of Rural Studies publishes research articles relating to such rural issues as society, demography, housing, employment, transport, services, land-use, recreation, agriculture and conservation. The focus is on those areas encompassing extensive land-use, with small-scale and diffuse settlement patterns and communities linked into the surrounding landscape and milieux. Particular emphasis will be given to aspects of planning policy and management. The journal is international and interdisciplinary in scope and content.
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