De-escalating therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Results from an observational study in clinical practice

Background and objectives

Combination therapy with an immunomodulator (IMM) and an anti-TNF is commonly recommended in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, little is known about relapse rates after therapeutic de-escalation. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of relapse in a cohort of UC and CD patients with long-standing clinical remission after discontinuation of IMM or anti-TNF and to identify predictive factors for relapse.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with UC or CD on combination therapy and clinical remission for at least 6 months. IMM or anti-TNF was stopped upon physician decision. Primary objective was to evaluate the relapse rates after discontinuation of IMM or anti-TNF and to analyze predictors of relapse.

Results

The study included 88 patients, 48 patients (54.5%) discontinued IMM and 40 (45.5%) anti-TNF. During follow-up, relapse rates were 16.7% and 52.5% in the IMM discontinuation group and anti-TNF discontinuation group, respectively (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that anti-TNF discontinuation (HR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.22–7.43) and ileal CD location (HR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.02–5.47) were predictive factors for relapse while inflammatory CD phenotype was a protective factor (HR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.11–0.90). Reintroduction of anti-TNF upon relapse was effective and safe.

Conclusion

Anti-TNF discontinuation led to significantly higher relapse rates compared to IMM discontinuation in UC and CD patients on combination therapy. Anti-TNF discontinuation and ileal CD location were identified as predictive factors for relapse while inflammatory CD phenotype was a protective factor. Retreatment after anti-TNF discontinuation was effective and safe.