下一代钾硫电池的碳基阴极设计:现状与展望

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.1002/est2.70011
Vikram Kishore Bharti, Tim Dawsey, Ram K. Gupta
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对环境污染的日益关注加速了储能设备的发展。在各种设备中,锂离子电池(LIB)技术因其稳定的性能在从电子产品到电动汽车(EV)的各种应用中得到了飞跃发展。由于电动汽车的数量不断增加,对电池的需求也随之增加,从而增加了总体成本。一种可取代对锂储备依赖的替代能源存储设备可能会改变这一领域的游戏规则。由于硫和钾的含量较高,钾硫电池(KSB)引起了人们的极大关注。此外,硫作为阴极材料具有最高的容量(比商用锂离子电池高出近五倍),与钾阳极结合可提供 914 Wh/kg 的理论能量密度(对于电动汽车而言明显更高)。然而,由于绝缘硫、体积变化和多硫化物的穿梭效应等内在挑战,KSB 的开发仍处于初级阶段。此外,不稳定的钾阳极及其枝晶的形成也是 KSB 面临的另一个棘手问题。对 KSB 的初步研究和其他金属硫电池的经验证明,使用碳基质制造阴极是一个很好的选择。这可能与碳的较高电子电导率、易调性、高比表面积和多孔形态有关。本综述试图展示碳作为 KSB 硫宿主的用途及其性能。此外,我们还介绍了用于开发 KSB 的柔性无粘合剂碳电极,这种电极可用于开发可穿戴设备中使用的柔性电池。最后,我们提出了开发高性能碳基阴极材料的观点,以开发可靠、长循环寿命的 KSB。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Carbon-Based Cathode Design for Next-Generation Potassium-Sulfur Batteries: Status and Perspective

Carbon-Based Cathode Design for Next-Generation Potassium-Sulfur Batteries: Status and Perspective

The increasing concern for environmental pollution has fastened the development of energy storage devices. Among various devices, lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology has been leapfrogged owing to its stable performance for various applications ranging from electronic gadgets to electric vehicles (EVs). For ever-increasing number of EVs has increased the demand for batteries increasing the overall cost. An alternative energy storage device that can replace the dependence on lithium reserves can be another game changer in this area. Potassium-sulfur batteries (KSBs) have attracted enormous attention owing to the higher abundance of sulfur and potassium. In addition, sulfur bears the highest capacity as a cathodic material (nearly five times higher than the commercial LIBs) and when clubbed with potassium anode can deliver a theoretical energy density of 914 Wh/kg (significantly higher for EVs). However, KSB development is still in the nascent stage owing to the intrinsic challenges including insulating sulfur, volume variation, and shuttle effect of polysulfides. In addition, unstable potassium anode and its dendrite formation is another thorny problem for KSB. The use of carbon matrices for cathode fabrication has been proven to be an excellent choice by initial research on KSB and experience with other metal-sulfur batteries. This can be related to the higher electronic conductivity of carbon, easy tunability, high specific surface area, and porous morphology. This review is an attempt to show the usage of carbon as a sulfur host for KSBs and its performance. Further, we shed light on flexible and binder-free carbon electrodes for the development of KSBs, which can be adopted to develop flexible batteries to be used in wearable devices. Finally, we present our perspective for developing a high-performance carbon-based cathode material for developing a reliable and long-cycle life KSB.

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