{"title":"名义上无水的近地小行星上与空间相关的水合特征","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116252","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) are excellent laboratories for processes that affect the surfaces of airless bodies. Most NEAs were not expected to contain OH/H<sub>2</sub>O on their surfaces because they are primarily S-complex objects and sourced from the inner Main Belt, which is interior of the frost line, and their surface temperatures are high enough to remove these volatiles. However, a 3-μm feature typically indicative of OH/H<sub>2</sub>O was identified on other seemingly dry bodies in the inner Solar System, such as the Moon and Vesta, and more recently on the NEAs (433) Eros, (1036) Ganymed, and (3122) Florence. The most likely sources for OH/H<sub>2</sub>O on these bodies include carbonaceous chondrite impacts or interactions with protons implanted by solar wind. We investigated the causes of band depth and shape variations on NEAs by comparing new observations of Eros and Ganymed to those previously published and conducting a rotationally-resolved spectral study on Florence. All spectra discussed were collected by SpeX on NASA's IRTF using the LXD_short (1.67–4.2 μm) mode to characterize the 3-μm region. Some observations also used the prism (0.7–2.52 μm) mode to characterize asteroid spectral type and investigate silicate composition dependencies. All three asteroids possess exogenously sourced OH/H<sub>2</sub>O and have spectra that show potential spatially correlated variations in band depth or shape. Eros' band is slightly wider at the poles than at lower sub-observer latitudes, possibly due to its high obliquity, which ensures that each polar region is oriented toward the Sun over a significant part of its orbit. Ganymed's trends in hydration band depth with sub-solar longitude and band I center suggest a carbonaceous or cometary impactor that struck the surface around 0° relative longitude, excavating a relatively magnesium- and olivine-enriched layer. Florence's total hydrogen concentration remains stable across the surface even as the OH-to-H<sub>2</sub>O ratio changes as the asteroid rotates. These three examples suggest that non-native OH/H<sub>2</sub>O on other bodies will likely also be spatially dependent, regardless of delivery mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103524003129/pdfft?md5=ad21b61700b04183a0241116f5447c54&pid=1-s2.0-S0019103524003129-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Spatially dependent hydration features on nominally anhydrous near-earth asteroids\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116252\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) are excellent laboratories for processes that affect the surfaces of airless bodies. Most NEAs were not expected to contain OH/H<sub>2</sub>O on their surfaces because they are primarily S-complex objects and sourced from the inner Main Belt, which is interior of the frost line, and their surface temperatures are high enough to remove these volatiles. However, a 3-μm feature typically indicative of OH/H<sub>2</sub>O was identified on other seemingly dry bodies in the inner Solar System, such as the Moon and Vesta, and more recently on the NEAs (433) Eros, (1036) Ganymed, and (3122) Florence. The most likely sources for OH/H<sub>2</sub>O on these bodies include carbonaceous chondrite impacts or interactions with protons implanted by solar wind. We investigated the causes of band depth and shape variations on NEAs by comparing new observations of Eros and Ganymed to those previously published and conducting a rotationally-resolved spectral study on Florence. All spectra discussed were collected by SpeX on NASA's IRTF using the LXD_short (1.67–4.2 μm) mode to characterize the 3-μm region. Some observations also used the prism (0.7–2.52 μm) mode to characterize asteroid spectral type and investigate silicate composition dependencies. All three asteroids possess exogenously sourced OH/H<sub>2</sub>O and have spectra that show potential spatially correlated variations in band depth or shape. Eros' band is slightly wider at the poles than at lower sub-observer latitudes, possibly due to its high obliquity, which ensures that each polar region is oriented toward the Sun over a significant part of its orbit. Ganymed's trends in hydration band depth with sub-solar longitude and band I center suggest a carbonaceous or cometary impactor that struck the surface around 0° relative longitude, excavating a relatively magnesium- and olivine-enriched layer. Florence's total hydrogen concentration remains stable across the surface even as the OH-to-H<sub>2</sub>O ratio changes as the asteroid rotates. These three examples suggest that non-native OH/H<sub>2</sub>O on other bodies will likely also be spatially dependent, regardless of delivery mechanism.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13199,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Icarus\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103524003129/pdfft?md5=ad21b61700b04183a0241116f5447c54&pid=1-s2.0-S0019103524003129-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Icarus\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103524003129\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Icarus","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103524003129","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatially dependent hydration features on nominally anhydrous near-earth asteroids
Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) are excellent laboratories for processes that affect the surfaces of airless bodies. Most NEAs were not expected to contain OH/H2O on their surfaces because they are primarily S-complex objects and sourced from the inner Main Belt, which is interior of the frost line, and their surface temperatures are high enough to remove these volatiles. However, a 3-μm feature typically indicative of OH/H2O was identified on other seemingly dry bodies in the inner Solar System, such as the Moon and Vesta, and more recently on the NEAs (433) Eros, (1036) Ganymed, and (3122) Florence. The most likely sources for OH/H2O on these bodies include carbonaceous chondrite impacts or interactions with protons implanted by solar wind. We investigated the causes of band depth and shape variations on NEAs by comparing new observations of Eros and Ganymed to those previously published and conducting a rotationally-resolved spectral study on Florence. All spectra discussed were collected by SpeX on NASA's IRTF using the LXD_short (1.67–4.2 μm) mode to characterize the 3-μm region. Some observations also used the prism (0.7–2.52 μm) mode to characterize asteroid spectral type and investigate silicate composition dependencies. All three asteroids possess exogenously sourced OH/H2O and have spectra that show potential spatially correlated variations in band depth or shape. Eros' band is slightly wider at the poles than at lower sub-observer latitudes, possibly due to its high obliquity, which ensures that each polar region is oriented toward the Sun over a significant part of its orbit. Ganymed's trends in hydration band depth with sub-solar longitude and band I center suggest a carbonaceous or cometary impactor that struck the surface around 0° relative longitude, excavating a relatively magnesium- and olivine-enriched layer. Florence's total hydrogen concentration remains stable across the surface even as the OH-to-H2O ratio changes as the asteroid rotates. These three examples suggest that non-native OH/H2O on other bodies will likely also be spatially dependent, regardless of delivery mechanism.
期刊介绍:
Icarus is devoted to the publication of original contributions in the field of Solar System studies. Manuscripts reporting the results of new research - observational, experimental, or theoretical - concerning the astronomy, geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, biology, and other scientific aspects of our Solar System or extrasolar systems are welcome. The journal generally does not publish papers devoted exclusively to the Sun, the Earth, celestial mechanics, meteoritics, or astrophysics. Icarus does not publish papers that provide "improved" versions of Bode''s law, or other numerical relations, without a sound physical basis. Icarus does not publish meeting announcements or general notices. Reviews, historical papers, and manuscripts describing spacecraft instrumentation may be considered, but only with prior approval of the editor. An entire issue of the journal is occasionally devoted to a single subject, usually arising from a conference on the same topic. The language of publication is English. American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these.