Electronically tunable single FTFNTA-based universal memelement emulator using only grounded passive elements

An electronic circuit capable of performing the functions of all three memelements through simple configuration adjustments, known as a universal memelement emulator, addresses significant issues regarding the size and power consumption associated with integrated chips. This study aims to develop such a universal memelement emulator with configurable architecture requiring only few changes to switch into desired memelement emulator. The designed structure is based on only single active element known as the FTFNTA (Four Terminal Floating Nullor Transconductance Amplifier). The proposed circuit, in addition to a single FTFNTA, incorporates only four passive elements and three switches. Through the manipulation of these switches, the universal emulator can be configured to emulate three distinct memelements: flux-controlled memristor (FCMR), flux-controlled meminductor (FCMI), and charge-controlled memcapacitor (CCMC). The non-ideal analysis was conducted after considering the deviated parameters of the FTFNTA and associated parasitic elements and resultant behaviour is discussed. Simulation results conducted in the PSPICE environment validate the functionality of the realized memelements. Furthermore, verification of the concept is performed by implementing the FTFNTA-based circuit using commercially available ICs, specifically LM13700 and AD844, with the results discussed accordingly. The working of the realized memristor has also been verified by utilizing the proposed emulator (tuned as a memristor) in an associative learning circuit. Finally, the proposed emulator is validated experimentally using the physical ICs based breadboard implementation.