Flame and smoke detection using Kafka on edge devices

This paper presents object detection methods to accurately identify the sources of flame and smoke in vast circumstances. Aerial drones collected the data, analyzed the recognition outputs in real time on an edge device, and then transferred them to the back-end for data processing and warnings using Kafka. To detect flame and smoke occurrences, the models were compared using various convolutional neural networks (CNN). Several factors considered include streaming speed, accuracy, portability, efficiency, and power consumption on edge devices. This work conducted training comparisons of YOLOV4, YOLOV5, YOLOV7, YOLOV8, and Faster RCNN. The inference performance was then evaluated on an edge computing device. The findings showed an accuracy of 0.91 and 0.87, while maintaining a processing speed of roughly 1 frame per second on the Nvidia Jetson NX without acceleration.