新疆吉仁台沟口遗址动物稳定同位素揭示青铜时代欧亚大陆中东部畜牧业与粟农业的融合

IF 2.6 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

青铜时代的粮食全球化如何影响欧亚大陆沿线地区的经济和社会,引起了广泛关注。作为粮食全球化的一个组成部分,以往的研究主要关注粟作物向西传播对欧亚大陆中东部人口的影响。然而,小米作物与欧亚大陆中东部人类赖以生存的畜牧业等主要生计经济之间的关系仍不清楚。在此,我们对新疆青铜时代吉仁台沟口遗址出土的 68 块驯养动物骨骼进行了新的稳定同位素研究,并结合已发表的约 1500 个人类和动物骨骼的稳定同位素数据,系统地探讨了青铜时代欧亚大陆中东部畜牧业与粟农业之间的关系。我们的研究首先揭示了青铜时代新疆畜牧业与粟农业的结合,这表现在采用 C4 粟副产品饲养绵羊/山羊和牛。对青铜时代欧亚大陆中东部地区的进一步大范围稳定同位素分析凸显了畜牧业与粟农业之间存在两种不同的模式:中原模式和内亚模式。这些差异可以从几个方面清晰地表现出来,包括喂养的驯化草食动物的种类,喂养绵羊/山羊和牛的程度、方法和季节性,以及饲料的成分。在此基础上,我们进一步探讨了欧亚大陆中东部地区小米农业与畜牧业关系模式不同的可能原因,如中原地区与内亚地区不同的农牧业发展历史、农牧业的不同特点(定居与流动)以及特定的社会、经济/政治和地理环境。我们的研究为了解小米农业全球化对青铜时代欧亚大陆畜牧经济的具体影响提供了重要信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Integration of animal husbandry and millet agriculture in Bronze Age East-central Eurasia revealed by faunal stable isotopes at the Jirentai Goukou site, Xinjiang

How food globalization in the Bronze Age influenced the economies and societies of regions along the Eurasian continent has attracted widespread attention. As an integral part of this food globalization, previous studies have focused on the impact of the westwards spread of millet crops on the human populations of East-Central Eurasia. However, the relationship between millet crops and key subsistence economies, such as animal husbandry, which humans rely on in East-Central Eurasia, remains unclear. Here, we carry out a new stable isotope study of 68 domesticated faunal bones from Bronze Age Jirentai Goukou site, Xinjiang, and combine about 1500 published stable isotope data of human and faunal bones to explore systemically the relationship between animal husbandry and millet agriculture in Bronze Age East-Central Eurasia. Our study reveals first the integration of animal husbandry and millet agriculture in Bronze Age Xinjiang, which is indicated by the adoption of C4 millet byproducts to feed domesticated sheep/goats and cattle. Further wide-range stable isotopic analysis in Bronze Age East-Central Eurasia highlights the existence of two different patterns in the relationship between animal husbandry and millet agriculture: the Central Plains pattern and the Inner Asia pattern. These differences can be expressed clearly in several aspects, including the species of domesticated herbivores fed, the degree, method and seasonality of feeding sheep/goats and cattle, and the composition of fodder. On this basis, the possible reasons for the different patterns in the relationship between millet agriculture and animal husbandry in East-Central Eurasia are further explored, such as the different histories of agricultural and pastoral development between the Central Plains and Inner Asia, the distinct characteristics of agriculture and pastoralism (sedentary and mobile), and the specific social, economic/political and geographical environments. Our study provides important information for understanding the specific impact of the globalization of millet agriculture on the animal husbandry economy in Bronze Age Eurasia.

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来源期刊
Journal of Archaeological Science
Journal of Archaeological Science 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
7.10%
发文量
112
审稿时长
49 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Archaeological Science is aimed at archaeologists and scientists with particular interests in advancing the development and application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology. This established monthly journal publishes focus articles, original research papers and major review articles, of wide archaeological significance. The journal provides an international forum for archaeologists and scientists from widely different scientific backgrounds who share a common interest in developing and applying scientific methods to inform major debates through improving the quality and reliability of scientific information derived from archaeological research.
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