蚂蚁和捕食者通过在低空间尺度上与周围植被相互作用来应对虫害压力

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY
Hugo Alejandro Álvarez, Gemma Clemente‐Orta, Francisca Ruano
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引用次数: 0

摘要

农业景观中的半自然栖息地可以加强对害虫的生物控制。然而,由于所研究的农业生态系统类型和天敌不一致,这一假设仍存在争议。在橄榄园中,缺乏有关天敌之间的相互作用及其与栖息地结构的关系的信息,因此无法在景观尺度上控制害虫。在此,我们采用营养行会的方法,研究有机橄榄园中自然栖息地对害虫、害虫危害以及害虫与天敌之间相互作用的影响。为此,我们将自然栖息地分解为植被结构,并从多尺度角度分析其影响。我们的研究结果表明:(1)自然栖息地的比例越大,蚂蚁(杂食动物)和捕食者的数量就越多,害虫的压力就越小,从而减少了油橄榄果实受到的影响。(2)根据自然栖息地内植被结构的影响,将其分为三大植被群:草地和森林、灌木丛和橄榄树。然而,茂密的灌木丛和茂密的森林最能提高与害虫危害相关的天敌的数量。(3) 油橄榄天敌在高度聚集的低数量斑块景观中增多。相反,蚂蚁和捕食者的数量在斑块数量多、边缘不明显的地貌中有所增加。(4)在橄榄树冠层中,草蛉幼虫和盐蛛的数量分别与害虫危害的降低和油橄榄树成虫的减少有关。然而,当蚂蚁和捕食者与自然栖息地相互作用时,它们可以应对害虫压力,而不需要高丰度,这支持了农业生态系统中的 "更有效天敌假说"。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ants and predators cope with pest pressures by interacting with the surrounding vegetation at low spatial scales
Biological control of pests can be enhanced by the presence of semi‐natural habitats within agricultural landscapes. However, this assumption remains controversial due to inconsistencies related to the type of agroecosystems and the natural enemies studied. Within olive orchards, there is a lack of information regarding the interaction among natural enemies and their relation with habitat structure to control pests at the landscape scale. Here, we investigate the effects of the natural habitat on the pest, pest damage and the interaction of pests and natural enemies – using a trophic guild approach, in organic olive orchards. For this, we decomposed the natural habitats into vegetation structures and analysed their effects with a multi‐scale perspective. Our results show that (1) greater proportions of natural habitats increase the abundance of ants (omnivores) and predators and diminish pest pressures – reducing the impact of Prays oleae on olive fruits. (2) Vegetation structures within natural habitats were grouped, based on their effects, into three main vegetation groups: grassland and forest, scrublands and olive trees. However, the dense scrubland and the dense forest improve the abundance of natural enemies that are linked to pest damage the most. (3) Prays oleae increases in landscapes dominated by low numbers of patches that are highly aggregated. Conversely, ants and predators increased in landscapes dominated by high numbers of patches that have a less edge‐resembling shape. (4) Within the olive canopy, the abundance of lacewing larvae and salticid spiders is related to lower pest damage and a reduction in P. oleae adults respectively. However, when ants and predators interact with the natural habitat, they can cope with pest pressures without the need for high abundances, supporting ‘the more‐effective natural enemy hypothesis’ in agroecosystems.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
5.30%
发文量
132
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Applied Entomology publishes original articles on current research in applied entomology, including mites and spiders in terrestrial ecosystems. Submit your next manuscript for rapid publication: the average time is currently 6 months from submission to publication. With Journal of Applied Entomology''s dynamic article-by-article publication process, Early View, fully peer-reviewed and type-set articles are published online as soon as they complete, without waiting for full issue compilation.
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