Active packaging films based on poly(butylene succinate) films reinforced with alkaline halloysite nanotubes: Production, properties, and fruit packaging applications

Alkaline treated halloysite nanotubes (aHal) were introduced into poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) matrix using melt blending and solvent casting techniques to enhance the functional properties. The films were characterized for morphological, thermal, mechanical, antibacterial, barrier, and ethylene scavenging properties for their fresh food packaging use. The films exhibited ethylene scavenging performance because of the increased lumen diameter of aHal. The highest ethylene scavenging performance was achieved at 5 wt% aHal (5-aHal) loading for both production methods. The amount of ethylene in the gas-tight container decreased by 80% and 75% in the presence of extruded and solvent-cast 5-aHal, respectively. While PBS/aHal films have mechanical properties comparable to other films recommended for food packaging, extruded films were more flexible and durable than solvent-cast films. In addition, extruded films were found to have a higher water vapor barrier. A packaging test has also been carried out on sliced tomatoes and apples stored at room conditions for 7 days. 5-aHal films showed the best performance in extending the fruit's shelf life. Considering all the results, the melt blending films offer superior performance. Bio-based PBS/aHal films have the capability to contribute significantly to the food safety by serving as eco-friendly, active food packaging materials.