15 分钟包容性城市通用框架

Matteo Bruno, Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Bruno Campanelli, Vittorio Loreto
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来,以近距离为基础的城市备受关注。特别是 "15 分钟城市",它预示着一种新的城市愿景,在这种愿景下,各种基本服务必须能够方便地到达。尽管 "15 分钟城市 "的优点毋庸置疑,它激发了人们对城市新组织的讨论,但 "15 分钟城市 "不可能在所有地方都适用,而且它的定义本身也引发了一些担忧。在此,我们探讨了 "15 分钟城市 "模式在全球多个城市的可行性和实用性。我们在全球范围内量化了城市与 "15 分钟城市 "理想的接近程度。为此,我们测量了资源和服务的可达性时间,并揭示了城市内部和城市之间可达性的强烈异质性,其中当地人口密度发挥了重要作用。我们提供了一个在线平台(\href{whatif.sonycsl.it/15mincity}{whatif.sonycsl.it/15mincity}),用于获取和显示全球几乎所有城市的可达性得分。城市内部无障碍环境的异质性是造成不平等的原因之一。因此,我们模拟了在保持资源和服务不变或允许资源几乎无限的情况下,更好地重新分配资源和服务能在多大程度上消除不平等。我们强调了城市之间在符合 15 分钟城市概念所需的最低额外服务数量方面存在的明显差异。我们的结论是,必须对基于邻近性的范式进行推广,使其适用于各种当地人口密度。最后,要从基于时间的城市转变为基于价值的城市,还应考虑社会经济和文化因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A universal framework for inclusive 15-minute cities
Proximity-based cities have attracted much attention in recent years. The 15-minute city, in particular, heralded a new vision for cities where essential services must be easily accessible. Despite its undoubted merit in stimulating discussion on new organisations of cities, the 15-minute city cannot be applicable everywhere, and its very definition raises a few concerns. Here, we tackle the feasibility and practicability of the '15-minute city' model in many cities worldwide. We provide a worldwide quantification of how close cities are to the ideal of the 15-minute city. To this end, we measure the accessibility times to resources and services, and we reveal strong heterogeneity of accessibility within and across cities, with a significant role played by local population densities. We provide an online platform (\href{whatif.sonycsl.it/15mincity}{whatif.sonycsl.it/15mincity}) to access and visualise accessibility scores for virtually all cities worldwide. The heterogeneity of accessibility within cities is one of the sources of inequality. We thus simulate how much a better redistribution of resources and services could heal inequity by keeping the same resources and services or by allowing for virtually infinite resources. We highlight pronounced discrepancies among cities in the minimum number of additional services needed to comply with the 15-minute city concept. We conclude that the proximity-based paradigm must be generalised to work on a wide range of local population densities. Finally, socio-economic and cultural factors should be included to shift from time-based to value-based cities.
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