{"title":"雌性大猩猩与雄性大猩猩争夺食物","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106611","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As most organisms, humans and other apes compete for access to fitness-determining resources and competition is expected to increase with the competitor-to-resource ratio. We use 23 years of behavioural data on five wild groups from the two gorilla species which live in different socioecological environments, to test if female gorillas compete simultaneously for food, mates and/or protectors. Females were more aggressive to each other in medium-sized groups (∩ − shaped relationship) and when the groups contained more females but fewer males (lower sex ratio). Contrarily, female-female aggression was not influenced by the operational sex ratio and female mating activity. Hence, our results support the competition for food and protectors hypotheses but cast doubt on the competition for mates hypothesis. Yet, despite female western gorillas (<em>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</em>) experiencing higher monopolization potential of food and a lower abundance of food and males, they did not exhibit higher aggression rates than female mountain gorillas (<em>Gorilla beringei beringei</em>). Altogether, these results suggest that female competition for males outside the mating context is not unique to humans and might have common evolutionary origins in humans and other apes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000874/pdfft?md5=35e3fac6fed5469fa275282063a9d92f&pid=1-s2.0-S1090513824000874-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Female gorillas compete for food and males\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106611\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>As most organisms, humans and other apes compete for access to fitness-determining resources and competition is expected to increase with the competitor-to-resource ratio. We use 23 years of behavioural data on five wild groups from the two gorilla species which live in different socioecological environments, to test if female gorillas compete simultaneously for food, mates and/or protectors. Females were more aggressive to each other in medium-sized groups (∩ − shaped relationship) and when the groups contained more females but fewer males (lower sex ratio). Contrarily, female-female aggression was not influenced by the operational sex ratio and female mating activity. Hence, our results support the competition for food and protectors hypotheses but cast doubt on the competition for mates hypothesis. Yet, despite female western gorillas (<em>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</em>) experiencing higher monopolization potential of food and a lower abundance of food and males, they did not exhibit higher aggression rates than female mountain gorillas (<em>Gorilla beringei beringei</em>). Altogether, these results suggest that female competition for males outside the mating context is not unique to humans and might have common evolutionary origins in humans and other apes.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55159,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Evolution and Human Behavior\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000874/pdfft?md5=35e3fac6fed5469fa275282063a9d92f&pid=1-s2.0-S1090513824000874-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Evolution and Human Behavior\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000874\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Evolution and Human Behavior","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000874","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
As most organisms, humans and other apes compete for access to fitness-determining resources and competition is expected to increase with the competitor-to-resource ratio. We use 23 years of behavioural data on five wild groups from the two gorilla species which live in different socioecological environments, to test if female gorillas compete simultaneously for food, mates and/or protectors. Females were more aggressive to each other in medium-sized groups (∩ − shaped relationship) and when the groups contained more females but fewer males (lower sex ratio). Contrarily, female-female aggression was not influenced by the operational sex ratio and female mating activity. Hence, our results support the competition for food and protectors hypotheses but cast doubt on the competition for mates hypothesis. Yet, despite female western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) experiencing higher monopolization potential of food and a lower abundance of food and males, they did not exhibit higher aggression rates than female mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Altogether, these results suggest that female competition for males outside the mating context is not unique to humans and might have common evolutionary origins in humans and other apes.
期刊介绍:
Evolution and Human Behavior is an interdisciplinary journal, presenting research reports and theory in which evolutionary perspectives are brought to bear on the study of human behavior. It is primarily a scientific journal, but submissions from scholars in the humanities are also encouraged. Papers reporting on theoretical and empirical work on other species will be welcome if their relevance to the human animal is apparent.