雌性大猩猩与雄性大猩猩争夺食物

IF 3 1区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Nikolaos Smit, Martha M. Robbins
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引用次数: 0

摘要

与大多数生物一样,人类和其他类人猿也会为获得决定其生存能力的资源而竞争,而且竞争会随着竞争者与资源的比例增加而加剧。我们利用生活在不同社会生态环境中的两个大猩猩物种的五个野生群体长达 23 年的行为数据,来检验雌性大猩猩是否同时为食物、配偶和/或保护者而竞争。在中等规模的群体中(∩-形关系),以及在雌性较多、雄性较少(性别比例较低)的群体中,雌性大猩猩之间的攻击性更强。相反,雌性之间的攻击性不受性别比例和雌性交配活动的影响。因此,我们的研究结果支持食物竞争假说和保护者假说,但对配偶竞争假说表示怀疑。然而,尽管雌性西部大猩猩()对食物的垄断潜力较高,食物和雄性的丰度较低,但它们并没有表现出比雌性山地大猩猩()更高的攻击率。总之,这些结果表明,雌性在交配环境之外对雄性的竞争并非人类所独有,在人类和其他类人猿中可能有共同的进化起源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Female gorillas compete for food and males

As most organisms, humans and other apes compete for access to fitness-determining resources and competition is expected to increase with the competitor-to-resource ratio. We use 23 years of behavioural data on five wild groups from the two gorilla species which live in different socioecological environments, to test if female gorillas compete simultaneously for food, mates and/or protectors. Females were more aggressive to each other in medium-sized groups (∩ − shaped relationship) and when the groups contained more females but fewer males (lower sex ratio). Contrarily, female-female aggression was not influenced by the operational sex ratio and female mating activity. Hence, our results support the competition for food and protectors hypotheses but cast doubt on the competition for mates hypothesis. Yet, despite female western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) experiencing higher monopolization potential of food and a lower abundance of food and males, they did not exhibit higher aggression rates than female mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Altogether, these results suggest that female competition for males outside the mating context is not unique to humans and might have common evolutionary origins in humans and other apes.

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来源期刊
Evolution and Human Behavior
Evolution and Human Behavior 生物-行为科学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
9.80%
发文量
62
审稿时长
82 days
期刊介绍: Evolution and Human Behavior is an interdisciplinary journal, presenting research reports and theory in which evolutionary perspectives are brought to bear on the study of human behavior. It is primarily a scientific journal, but submissions from scholars in the humanities are also encouraged. Papers reporting on theoretical and empirical work on other species will be welcome if their relevance to the human animal is apparent.
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