人脑模型的最新进展和应用

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES

Frontiers in Neural Circuits Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.3389/fncir.2024.1453958

Kaneyasu Nishimura, Hironobu Osaki, Kotaro Tezuka, Daisuke Nakashima, Shintaro Numata, Yoshito Masamizu

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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类多能干细胞（hPSC）技术的最新进展促使人类神经元和脑器官出现了新的研究领域和应用。脑器质体作为一种体外模型系统备受关注，它能再现大脑的高级结构、细胞多样性和功能，用于探索大脑发育、疾病建模、药物筛选和再生医学。脑器官模型技术与各研究领域的丰富互动加速了这一进展。利用人脑类器官技术的跨学科方法为更准确地了解人脑提供了更高阶的进展。在这篇综述中，我们总结了利用 hPSCs 在二维和三维培养系统中诱导神经以及利用脑器官模拟神经退行性疾病的现状。我们还重点介绍了用于组装空间高序神经组织的最新生物工程技术，以及类脑器官技术在理解人脑潜能和能力方面的前景。

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Recent advances and applications of human brain models

Recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies have prompted the emergence of new research fields and applications for human neurons and brain organoids. Brain organoids have gained attention as an in vitro model system that recapitulates the higher structure, cellular diversity and function of the brain to explore brain development, disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This progress has been accelerated by abundant interactions of brain organoid technology with various research fields. A cross-disciplinary approach with human brain organoid technology offers a higher-ordered advance for more accurately understanding the human brain. In this review, we summarize the status of neural induction in two- and three-dimensional culture systems from hPSCs and the modeling of neurodegenerative diseases using brain organoids. We also highlight the latest bioengineered technologies for the assembly of spatially higher-ordered neural tissues and prospects of brain organoid technology toward the understanding of the potential and abilities of the human brain.

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Neural Circuits NEUROSCIENCES-

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

5.70%

发文量

135

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Neural Circuits publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research on the emergent properties of neural circuits - the elementary modules of the brain. Specialty Chief Editors Takao K. Hensch and Edward Ruthazer at Harvard University and McGill University respectively, are supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Frontiers in Neural Circuits launched in 2011 with great success and remains a "central watering hole" for research in neural circuits, serving the community worldwide to share data, ideas and inspiration. Articles revealing the anatomy, physiology, development or function of any neural circuitry in any species (from sponges to humans) are welcome. Our common thread seeks the computational strategies used by different circuits to link their structure with function (perceptual, motor, or internal), the general rules by which they operate, and how their particular designs lead to the emergence of complex properties and behaviors. Submissions focused on synaptic, cellular and connectivity principles in neural microcircuits using multidisciplinary approaches, especially newer molecular, developmental and genetic tools, are encouraged. Studies with an evolutionary perspective to better understand how circuit design and capabilities evolved to produce progressively more complex properties and behaviors are especially welcome. The journal is further interested in research revealing how plasticity shapes the structural and functional architecture of neural circuits.