Development of Tungsten Repair Technology by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying of Tungsten and Friction Stir Processing

Tungsten (W) has a high melting point, excellent thermal conductivity, and irradiation resistance, making it the most promising plasma facing material for divertors in fusion reactors, which are currently under development. However, since the divertor is exposed to an extremely harsh environment, it is considered necessary to develop suitable and cost-effective repair techniques. In this study, the applicability of the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) method using a gas shroud as a repair technique for W components was investigated, in particular the possibility of strengthening the repaired part by applying friction stir processing (FSP) as a post-treatment. It was found that the application of a gas shroud can suppress in-flight oxidation to some extent, even when the W is deposited in air. In addition, the FSP treatment reduced grain size and porosity, resulting in an increase in microhardness of approximately 37.5% compared to the base material (W substrate) and 203.5% compared to the as-sprayed material. The gas shroud APS and FSP post-treatments have been shown to have potential as repair techniques for tungsten components in future fusion reactors.