High-Performance Cooperative DNA Nanodevice Enables Sensitive Circular RNA Imaging and Precise Tumor Growth Suppression

The utility of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as emerging biomarkers and regulatory factors in medical diagnostics and therapeutics is hampered by the challenges associated with their sensitive detection and precise modulation. Herein, a high-performance cooperative DNA nanodevice (HCDN) based on DNA tetrahedron-confined catalytic DNA assembly reaction (DT-CDA) that enables both imaging and regulation of circRNAs is developed. Activation of the DT-CDA is contingent upon the presence of the target circRNA, which, together with a replicative fuel probe, catalyzes the sequential opening of additional DT-CDAs. This cooperative exponential signal amplification with negligible background interference allows HCDN to effectively detect minute quantities of circRNAs. Employing circSATB2 as a model, the HCDN demonstrates substantial downregulation of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) mRNA and protein levels in cellular and in vivo models, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. The innovative design of HCDN sets the stage for a powerful methodology conducive to enhanced clinical diagnostics and biomolecule manipulation, thereby advancing the capabilities and applications of DNA nanotechnology.