营养龛广度降低与正在恢复的顶级掠食者种群生产力提高有关

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Ecosphere Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.4887
Miguel de Gabriel Hernando, Alberto Fernández-Gil, Javier A. Lamas, Luis M. Ansola, Jacinto Román, Eloy Revilla
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引用次数: 0

摘要

了解顶端捕食者的营养和人口动态对生态系统保护至关重要。顶端食肉动物通常不会被捕食,因此种群动态的主要驱动力是营养资源的可用性,而营养资源的可用性会影响繁殖性能。尽管许多顶端物种的食物习性已被描述,但营养生态位的变化对长期种群动态的影响却鲜为人知。我们描述了地中海地区(西班牙北部)一个正在恢复的金雕种群的营养生态位广度的长期(N = 25 年)变化,并寻找与其生产力(即每对受控金雕羽化的小鹰数量)的潜在相关性,作为其繁殖性能的替代指标(N = 290 对-年)。我们从 77 个物种中鉴定出了 3475 种猎物;兔子、野兔和红腿鹧鸪是最常捕食的猎物(总体占 51%),其次是狍子(10%)、红嘴雏鹰、赤狐和鹁鸽,它们的捕食率均为 >5%。在研究期间,老鹰食物中的猎物多样性有所减少。兔子和狍子的摄食量有所增加,而野兔和鹧鸪的摄食量则有所减少;狐狸、红嘴鹑和鹁鸽的摄食量没有明显的变化趋势。在领地水平上,猎物多样性和红腿鹧鸪的消耗量与生产力呈负相关,而兔子、乌鸦和鸽子则与生产力呈很强的正相关。领地的大小与生产率的正相关性最强,而粗糙度则呈负相关。兔子和有蹄类动物分别与粗糙度呈负相关和正相关,而捕食者的消耗则与领地面积呈负相关。我们的发现揭示了驱动顶级掠食者种群恢复动态的潜在营养机制;对特定猎物群的营养生态位广度的降低(可能是由于对这些猎物物种的更高可用性和个体特异性)可能会提高领地水平的生产力,并最终影响种群动态,促进恢复过程。对野生有蹄类动物、捕食者和其他顶级消费者的消耗明显增加,这表明目前的种群恢复和营养生态位广度的降低可能会促进该鹰种群发挥其顶级作用,并为生态系统的功能做出贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Reduced trophic niche breadth is associated with higher productivity in a recovering apex predator population

Reduced trophic niche breadth is associated with higher productivity in a recovering apex predator population

Understanding the trophic and demographic dynamics of apex predators is of paramount importance for ecosystem conservation. Apex predators are usually free from predation, and thus, the main driver of population dynamics is the availability of trophic resources, which affects breeding performance. Albeit food habits have been described in many apex species, the effects of changes in the trophic niche on long-term demographic dynamics are poorly known. We describe the long-term (N = 25 years) changes in trophic niche breadth of a recovering golden eagle population in a Mediterranean landscape (northern Spain) and search for potential correlates with their productivity (i.e., number of fledged eaglets per controlled pair) as a proxy for their breeding performance (N = 290 pair-years). We identified a total of 3475 prey items from 77 species; rabbits, hares, and red-legged partridges were the most frequent prey consumed (overall 51%), followed by roe deer (10%), red-billed chough, red foxes, and woodpigeons, all of them with >5%. Prey diversity in eagles' diet decreased during the study period. Consumption of rabbits and roe deer increased, while that of hares and partridges decreased; no significant trends were observed in the consumption of foxes, choughs, and woodpigeons. Prey diversity and red-legged partridge consumption were negatively correlated with productivity at the territory level, while rabbits, corvids, and pigeons showed a strong positive relationship with productivity. The size of the territory showed the strongest positive relationship with productivity, while roughness was negatively correlated. Rabbits and ungulates showed negative and positive correlations with roughness, respectively, while predator consumption exhibited a negative relationship with the size of the territory. Our findings give insights into the potential trophic mechanisms driving the dynamics of recovering apex predator populations; a reduction in the trophic niche breadth toward specific groups of prey, which could be due to a higher availability and individual specificity toward these prey species, might enhance productivity at the territory level and, ultimately, influence population dynamics facilitating the recovery process. The remarkable increase in the consumption of wild ungulates, predators, and other apex consumers suggests that the current population recovery and reduced trophic niche breadth may facilitate this eagle population to exhibit its apex role and contribute to ecosystem functionality.

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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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