土卫六低层大气的水汽输送和甲烷循环

IF 2.5 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
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引用次数: 0

摘要

土卫六的表面和低层大气支持一个水文循环,它影响着这颗冰冷卫星的外观和演变的各个方面。在这里,我们回顾了有关甲烷循环的知识,重点是它与对流层环流和地表液体分布的关系。土卫六的经向环流主要由哈德利气室组成,其中有一个热带辐合带--云和降水在此得到促进--随纬度季节性摆动。两极有独立的区域,夏季会出现降水。总体而言,降水的特征取决于可在地表蒸发的液体量,而现实的液体分布(即液体仅限于极地地区)导致季节性降水非常零散。这也产生了近地表湿度的纬度分布,其中极地比低纬度地区更潮湿。低纬度湿度反映了哈德利环流的水平输送,但与两极的高近地面湿度相隔离。极地湿润对流使中层增湿,并由此使低纬度增湿,而赤道上的湿气则通过中纬度高纬度地区的巡回风暴系统向下输送。在某些情况下,这些波浪与对流相互作用,几乎在全球范围内传递潜热效应。另外,地表和地下水文是导致极地盆地观察到的液体分布的重要过程,并进一步表明了与气候系统相互作用的地下甲烷表的影响。低纬度地区的降水主要流向地表或渗入地表;高纬度地区的径流为一些低洼的极地盆地提供水源;地表下甲烷流调节着近地表甲烷的分布,因此海洋是浅层甲烷地表的暴露,而其他极地地区则维持着浅层甲烷地表的蒸发。最后,我们讨论了地表液体可能的长期演化,包括克罗尔-米兰科维奇周期的影响及其对涡流的大气水汽输送的影响;土卫六的地表特征是否表明了过去的极地液体循环、较慢的世俗趋势或其他完全不同的情况,目前仍未解决。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Moisture transport and the methane cycle of Titan’s lower atmosphere

Titan’s surface and lower atmosphere support a hydrologic cycle that influences various aspects of the icy moon’s appearance and evolution. Here, we review the state of knowledge around this methane cycle, focusing on its relationship to the circulation of the troposphere and to the distribution of surface liquids. Titan’s meridional circulation consists mainly of Hadley cells, with an intertropical convergence zone—in which clouds and precipitation are promoted—that oscillates with latitude seasonally. There are separate regions at the poles wherein precipitation occurs in summertime. Overall, the character of precipitation depends on the amount of liquid available to evaporate on the surface, and a realistic liquid distribution (that is, with liquids limited to polar regions) leads to highly sporadic seasonal precipitation. This also produces a latitudinal profile of near-surface humidity wherein the poles are more humid than the lower latitudes. The lower latitude humidity reflects the horizontal transport by the Hadley circulation, but is cut off from the high near-surface humidity at the poles. Polar moist convection humidifies the mid-levels and from there the low latitudes, and equatorward, downgradient transport of moisture is accomplished by traveling storm systems in the high mid-latitudes. These waves in some cases interact with the convection to communicate the effects of latent heating nearly globally. Separately, surface and subsurface hydrology are important processes that lead to the observed distribution of liquids in polar basins, and furthermore indicate the influence of a subsurface methane table interacting with the climate system. Precipitation at lower latitudes largely runs off or infiltrates into the surface; runoff at higher latitudes feeds some of the low-lying polar basins; and subsurface methane flow regulates the distribution of near-surface methane such that the seas are surface exposures of, and other polar areas sustain evaporation from, a shallow methane table. Finally, we discuss the possible long-term evolution of surface liquids, including the influence of Croll-Milankovitch cycles and their effect on atmospheric moisture transport by eddies; whether or not Titan’s surface features indicate past cycling of polar liquids, slower secular trends, or something else entirely remains unresolved.

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来源期刊
Icarus
Icarus 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
18.80%
发文量
356
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Icarus is devoted to the publication of original contributions in the field of Solar System studies. Manuscripts reporting the results of new research - observational, experimental, or theoretical - concerning the astronomy, geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, biology, and other scientific aspects of our Solar System or extrasolar systems are welcome. The journal generally does not publish papers devoted exclusively to the Sun, the Earth, celestial mechanics, meteoritics, or astrophysics. Icarus does not publish papers that provide "improved" versions of Bode''s law, or other numerical relations, without a sound physical basis. Icarus does not publish meeting announcements or general notices. Reviews, historical papers, and manuscripts describing spacecraft instrumentation may be considered, but only with prior approval of the editor. An entire issue of the journal is occasionally devoted to a single subject, usually arising from a conference on the same topic. The language of publication is English. American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these.
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