研究和管理城市洪水

IF 3 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Sally Priest
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The flood risk research community has evolved to pioneer consideration of a much wider range of flood types, and this Journal has been at the forefront of these advancements. As well as continuing to improve knowledge and insight into many aspects of the ‘traditional’ flood types mentioned above: fluvial and coastal; <i>The Journal of Flood Risk Management</i> now regularly publishes (and welcomes) research into other types of risk such as groundwater or surface water flooding (e.g., see amongst others Allocca et al., <span>2022</span>; Birch et al., <span>2021</span>; Fathy et al., <span>2021</span>), which have become more mainstream within the flood risk research community. In this editorial, I specifically want to reflect on the concept of urban flood risk management, which continues to emerge as an important area of flood research and draw attention to several contributions to the current issue of this Journal (Volume 17, Issue 3, June 2024), which have focussed on urban flood risk.</p><p>Whilst all flood risk is complex, considerations of urban flood risk raise particular challenges. Urban areas often have rapidly changing physical and social environments, with higher population densities, more mobile, diverse and less cohesive communities. There is often a complex interplay between the natural and built environment, which impacts upon how easy it is to understand and model urban flood risk. For instance, the built environment may display complicated flood routing patterns and interaction with drainage solutions. Many areas display a lack of maintenance of storm sewers and SUDS, which although are suggested as solutions may ultimately limit the ability to prevent flooding in an urban catchment. Finally, management options may be limited by factors such as the lack of space, the legacy of past interventions, and challenges with flood forecasting and prediction, particularly when considering the potential impact of climate change on rainfall intensity.</p><p>This Issue offers valuable insights into the understanding, assessment and/or management of flood risk in the urban context. Darnkachatarn and Kajitani (<span>2024</span>) in their research concerning the long-term flood exposure of the Bangkok Metropolitan area highlight the need and challenge of assessing flood risk in a dynamic urban context. Highlighting the critical link between urban development and increasing flood vulnerability and population exposure, their research demonstrated how urban risk in their case continued to grow irrespective of the experience of flooding. They highlighted how the knowledge of urban land use and land cover changes is critical to not only having an up-to-date assessment of risk, but also how important this is for short-term response, social and economic impacts, and recovery from flooding events. Their assessment also highlighted that policies to prevent urbanisation in at-risk areas was failing, and that stronger approaches to prevention are essential to prevent urban risk from increasing.</p><p>Whereas Darnkachatarn and Kajitani (<span>2024</span>) considered past land use and land cover change and its impact on flood risk, Moon et al. (<span>2024</span>) offer an approach to assessing future urban flood hazards. This is particularly important with the rapidly dynamic changes within the urban environment. Presenting the case of Seoul, Korea, they used the global climate model-based climate change scenarios to quantify changes in flood hazard and runoff characteristics. Identifying a process for estimating future runoff and potential mitigation effects, their work offers the ability to assess potential interventions and characterise changes to flood hazards in the complex urban environment.</p><p>In their case from the Wuding River Basin (China), Lai et al. (<span>2024</span>) focus on flash flooding events in the urban context and specifically on sedimentation hazards in hilly cities. This research offers a 2D hydro–sediment–morphological model to complement the usual depth and inundation area approaches and provide a more comprehensive view of hazards whereby flash flooding events create channel erosion and threaten bank stability in a hilly context.</p><p>In their contribution to this issue, Bayón et al. (<span>2024</span>) recognise the complexity of the urban environment and the interplay between the environment and floodwaters during flooding. Their post-flood photograph analysis of 63 floods (from 46 countries) highlights the contribution of solid load within the flood waters. They have classified and defined the presence and frequency of <i>urban flood drifters</i> within the flooding landscape, highlighting the importance of vehicles as well as urban and household furniture, offering a stability diagram for urban planners to assess the presence of potentially unstable urban elements. This offers a timely contribution to the development of resilient urban spaces as for the first time it classifies and characterises potential hazardous objects.</p><p>Rathnasiri et al. (<span>2024</span>) highlight the challenge of maximising opportunities of using large datasets associated with the built environment for flood resilience. Through their research, they identify not only the difficulties in the use of these data, but also strategies for overcoming these challenges. Their research offers an insight into how data management processes need to evolve alongside the technology for gathering data to best harness and exploit opportunities for more effective decision-making in the urban context.</p><p>Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support and commitment the Journal receives from all our peer reviewers, who take the time to read and make valuable comments on the manuscripts we receive. 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As well as continuing to improve knowledge and insight into many aspects of the ‘traditional’ flood types mentioned above: fluvial and coastal; <i>The Journal of Flood Risk Management</i> now regularly publishes (and welcomes) research into other types of risk such as groundwater or surface water flooding (e.g., see amongst others Allocca et al., <span>2022</span>; Birch et al., <span>2021</span>; Fathy et al., <span>2021</span>), which have become more mainstream within the flood risk research community. In this editorial, I specifically want to reflect on the concept of urban flood risk management, which continues to emerge as an important area of flood research and draw attention to several contributions to the current issue of this Journal (Volume 17, Issue 3, June 2024), which have focussed on urban flood risk.</p><p>Whilst all flood risk is complex, considerations of urban flood risk raise particular challenges. 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They highlighted how the knowledge of urban land use and land cover changes is critical to not only having an up-to-date assessment of risk, but also how important this is for short-term response, social and economic impacts, and recovery from flooding events. Their assessment also highlighted that policies to prevent urbanisation in at-risk areas was failing, and that stronger approaches to prevention are essential to prevent urban risk from increasing.</p><p>Whereas Darnkachatarn and Kajitani (<span>2024</span>) considered past land use and land cover change and its impact on flood risk, Moon et al. (<span>2024</span>) offer an approach to assessing future urban flood hazards. This is particularly important with the rapidly dynamic changes within the urban environment. Presenting the case of Seoul, Korea, they used the global climate model-based climate change scenarios to quantify changes in flood hazard and runoff characteristics. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

大约 25 年前,当我开始我的学术生涯时,大部分的研究重点都集中在了解相当狭窄的洪水环境中的风险,即大型内陆河流、高沿海风险,以及在一定程度上的快速洪水事件。对洪水风险的考虑主要集中在较为传统的洪泛区事件上,这在一定程度上反映了当时的管理重点和技术能力。我有幸目睹了洪水风险研究的演变,并认识到其他类型的洪水也很重要,同样会对个人和社区造成破坏性影响。洪水风险研究界不断发展,率先考虑到了更广泛的洪水类型,而本期刊一直走在这些进步的前沿。除了继续提高对上述 "传统 "洪水类型--河流和沿海--的认识和洞察力外,《洪水风险管理期刊》现在还定期发表(并欢迎)对其他类型风险的研究,如地下水或地表水洪水(例如,参见 Allocca 等人,2022 年;Birch 等人,2021 年;Fathy 等人,2021 年),这些研究已成为洪水风险研究界的主流。在这篇社论中,我特别想对城市洪水风险管理这一概念进行反思,它将继续成为洪水研究的一个重要领域,并提请大家注意本期期刊(第 17 卷,第 3 期,2024 年 6 月)上几篇关注城市洪水风险的文章。城市地区的自然和社会环境通常变化迅速,人口密度更高,社区流动性更强、更多样化、凝聚力更弱。自然环境和建筑环境之间往往存在复杂的相互作用,这就影响了城市洪水风险的理解和建模难度。例如,建筑环境可能显示出复杂的洪水路线模式以及与排水解决方案之间的相互作用。许多地区都缺乏对雨水下水道和 SUDS 的维护,虽然建议将其作为解决方案,但最终可能会限制城市集水区的防洪能力。最后,管理方案可能会受到一些因素的限制,如缺乏空间、过去干预措施的遗留问题以及洪水预报和预测方面的挑战,特别是考虑到气候变化对降雨强度的潜在影响。Darnkachatarn 和 Kajitani(2024 年)在其关于曼谷大都市区长期洪水风险的研究中强调了在动态城市背景下评估洪水风险的必要性和挑战性。他们的研究强调了城市发展与日益增长的洪水脆弱性和人口洪水风险之间的重要联系,并展示了在他们的案例中,无论洪水经历如何,城市风险是如何持续增长的。他们强调,了解城市土地利用和土地覆被的变化不仅对最新的风险评估至关重要,而且对短期应对措施、社会和经济影响以及洪灾后的恢复也非常重要。Darnkachatarn 和 Kajitani(2024 年)考虑了过去的土地利用和土地覆被变化及其对洪水风险的影响,而 Moon 等人(2024 年)则提供了一种评估未来城市洪水危害的方法。这对于城市环境的快速动态变化尤为重要。他们以韩国首尔为例,利用基于全球气候模型的气候变化情景来量化洪水危害和径流特征的变化。Lai 等人(2024 年)以中国无定河流域为例,重点研究了城市中的山洪暴发事件,特别是丘陵城市中的沉积危害。这项研究提供了一个二维水文沉积物形态模型,以补充通常的深度和淹没面积方法,并提供了一个更全面的危害视角,即山洪事件在丘陵地带造成河道侵蚀并威胁河岸稳定性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Researching and managing flooding in the urban context

When I began my academic career around 25 years ago much of the focus of the research focussed on understanding risk in quite a narrow set of flood circumstances, namely large inland rivers, high coastal risks and, to some extent, rapid onset flood events. Focus on more traditional floodplain events dominated considerations of flood risk and was, in part, reflective of the management priorities and technical abilities of the time. Considerations of food production and managing the areas where risk to life was highest dominated the discourse of flood risk management and academics studying it.

I have been privileged to observe the evolution of flood risk research and the acknowledgement that the other types of flooding are important and can have equally devastating impacts on individuals and communities. The flood risk research community has evolved to pioneer consideration of a much wider range of flood types, and this Journal has been at the forefront of these advancements. As well as continuing to improve knowledge and insight into many aspects of the ‘traditional’ flood types mentioned above: fluvial and coastal; The Journal of Flood Risk Management now regularly publishes (and welcomes) research into other types of risk such as groundwater or surface water flooding (e.g., see amongst others Allocca et al., 2022; Birch et al., 2021; Fathy et al., 2021), which have become more mainstream within the flood risk research community. In this editorial, I specifically want to reflect on the concept of urban flood risk management, which continues to emerge as an important area of flood research and draw attention to several contributions to the current issue of this Journal (Volume 17, Issue 3, June 2024), which have focussed on urban flood risk.

Whilst all flood risk is complex, considerations of urban flood risk raise particular challenges. Urban areas often have rapidly changing physical and social environments, with higher population densities, more mobile, diverse and less cohesive communities. There is often a complex interplay between the natural and built environment, which impacts upon how easy it is to understand and model urban flood risk. For instance, the built environment may display complicated flood routing patterns and interaction with drainage solutions. Many areas display a lack of maintenance of storm sewers and SUDS, which although are suggested as solutions may ultimately limit the ability to prevent flooding in an urban catchment. Finally, management options may be limited by factors such as the lack of space, the legacy of past interventions, and challenges with flood forecasting and prediction, particularly when considering the potential impact of climate change on rainfall intensity.

This Issue offers valuable insights into the understanding, assessment and/or management of flood risk in the urban context. Darnkachatarn and Kajitani (2024) in their research concerning the long-term flood exposure of the Bangkok Metropolitan area highlight the need and challenge of assessing flood risk in a dynamic urban context. Highlighting the critical link between urban development and increasing flood vulnerability and population exposure, their research demonstrated how urban risk in their case continued to grow irrespective of the experience of flooding. They highlighted how the knowledge of urban land use and land cover changes is critical to not only having an up-to-date assessment of risk, but also how important this is for short-term response, social and economic impacts, and recovery from flooding events. Their assessment also highlighted that policies to prevent urbanisation in at-risk areas was failing, and that stronger approaches to prevention are essential to prevent urban risk from increasing.

Whereas Darnkachatarn and Kajitani (2024) considered past land use and land cover change and its impact on flood risk, Moon et al. (2024) offer an approach to assessing future urban flood hazards. This is particularly important with the rapidly dynamic changes within the urban environment. Presenting the case of Seoul, Korea, they used the global climate model-based climate change scenarios to quantify changes in flood hazard and runoff characteristics. Identifying a process for estimating future runoff and potential mitigation effects, their work offers the ability to assess potential interventions and characterise changes to flood hazards in the complex urban environment.

In their case from the Wuding River Basin (China), Lai et al. (2024) focus on flash flooding events in the urban context and specifically on sedimentation hazards in hilly cities. This research offers a 2D hydro–sediment–morphological model to complement the usual depth and inundation area approaches and provide a more comprehensive view of hazards whereby flash flooding events create channel erosion and threaten bank stability in a hilly context.

In their contribution to this issue, Bayón et al. (2024) recognise the complexity of the urban environment and the interplay between the environment and floodwaters during flooding. Their post-flood photograph analysis of 63 floods (from 46 countries) highlights the contribution of solid load within the flood waters. They have classified and defined the presence and frequency of urban flood drifters within the flooding landscape, highlighting the importance of vehicles as well as urban and household furniture, offering a stability diagram for urban planners to assess the presence of potentially unstable urban elements. This offers a timely contribution to the development of resilient urban spaces as for the first time it classifies and characterises potential hazardous objects.

Rathnasiri et al. (2024) highlight the challenge of maximising opportunities of using large datasets associated with the built environment for flood resilience. Through their research, they identify not only the difficulties in the use of these data, but also strategies for overcoming these challenges. Their research offers an insight into how data management processes need to evolve alongside the technology for gathering data to best harness and exploit opportunities for more effective decision-making in the urban context.

Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support and commitment the Journal receives from all our peer reviewers, who take the time to read and make valuable comments on the manuscripts we receive. As research considering different types of flooding has widened alongside the consideration of risk in these more complex urban environments as a journal, we also need to diversify our reviewer base, so please contact the journal office ([email protected]) if you wish to become a reviewer.

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来源期刊
Journal of Flood Risk Management
Journal of Flood Risk Management ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-WATER RESOURCES
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
7.30%
发文量
93
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Flood Risk Management provides an international platform for knowledge sharing in all areas related to flood risk. Its explicit aim is to disseminate ideas across the range of disciplines where flood related research is carried out and it provides content ranging from leading edge academic papers to applied content with the practitioner in mind. Readers and authors come from a wide background and include hydrologists, meteorologists, geographers, geomorphologists, conservationists, civil engineers, social scientists, policy makers, insurers and practitioners. They share an interest in managing the complex interactions between the many skills and disciplines that underpin the management of flood risk across the world.
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