Review on CO2–Brine Interaction in Oil and Gas Reservoirs

Carbon neutrality has become a global common goal. CCUS, as one of the technologies to achieve carbon neutrality, has received widespread attention from academia and industry. After CO2 enters the formation, under the conditions of formation temperature and pressure, supercritical CO2, formation water, and rock components interact, which directly affects the oil and gas recovery and carbon sequestration efficiency. In this paper, the recent progress on CO2 water–rock interaction was reviewed from three aspects, including (i) the investigation methods of CO2 water–rock interaction; (ii) the variable changes of key minerals, pore structure, and physical properties; and (iii) the nomination of suitable reservoirs for CO2 geological sequestration. The review obtains the following three understandings: (1) Physical simulation and cross-time scale numerical simulation based on formation temperature and pressure conditions are important research methods for CO2 water–rock interaction. High-precision mineral-pore in situ comparison and physical property evolution evaluation are important development directions. (2) Sensitive minerals in CO2 water–rock interaction mainly include dolomite, calcite, anhydrite, feldspar, kaolinite, and chlorite. Due to the differences in simulated formation conditions or geological backgrounds, these minerals generally show the pattern of dissolution or precipitation or dissolution before precipitation. This differential evolution leads to complex changes in pore structure and physical properties. (3) To select the suitable reservoir for sequestration, it is necessary to confirm the sequestration potential of the reservoir and the later sequestration capacity, and then select the appropriate layer and well location to start CO2 injection. At the same time, these processes can be optimized by CO2 water–rock interaction research. This review aims to provide scientific guidance and technical support for shale oil recovery and carbon sequestration by introducing the mechanism of CO2 water–rock interaction, expounding the changes of key minerals, pore structure, and physical properties, and summarizing the sequestration scheme.