Recent Advances in Synthesis and Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications of Porous Carbon Materials

To achieve global energy transition goals, finding efficient and compatible energy storage electrode materials is crucial. Porous carbon materials (PCMs) are widely applied in energy storage due to their diverse size structures, rich active sites, adaptability to volume expansion, and superior ion and electron transport properties. However, the various issues and challenges faced by PCMs in different energy storage applications remain unclear. To address this, this paper systematically introduces common synthesis methods of PCMs and outlines their typical performance in energy storage applications. The aim is to provide researchers with comprehensive references to promote future optimization and improvement. In response to the need for enhancing the electrochemical properties of PCMs, this paper further discusses several common heteroatoms doping strategies, detailing their application characteristics, doping sources, and related research. In-depth analysis and evaluation are also offered. Finally, a comprehensive analysis and summary of the challenges faced by PCMs in synthesis and energy storage applications, aiming to offer clear research directions and insights for the synthesis, design, and application research of PCMs in the field of energy storage, is provided.