Unveiling the hidden potential: Above-ground parts of Paris yunnanensis Franch. Is promise as an anti-acne therapeutic beyond traditional medicinal sites

The dried rhizomes of Paris yunnanensis Franch. have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine as hemostatic, antitumor, and antimicrobial agents. An examination of classical texts and renowned Chinese medical formulations showcased its efficacy in acne treatment. Presently, there is a significant scarcity of Paris resources. Consider directing attention towards the non-medicinal parts of Paris to mitigate the strain on medicinal resources within this realm. To address these resource limitations, this study investigated the bioactivity and pharmacodynamics of the above-ground parts of Paris (AGPP). A synergistic approach integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking (in silico validation), and animal experimentation (in vivo validation) was employed to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the efficacy of AGPP against acne vulgaris in this study. The active constituents in AGPP extracts were identified via UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis, with their targets extracted for network pharmacological analysis. KEGG pathway analysis unveiled potential therapeutic mechanisms, validated through molecular docking and rat auricular acne model experiments. Comprehensive chemical characterization revealed fifty constituents, including steroidal saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acids, phytohormones, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. Diosgenin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Ecdysone, and α-linolenic acid were identified as main constituents with acne-treating potential. Core targets included SRC, MAPK3, and MAPK1, with key signaling pathways implicated. Histologically, AGPP mitigated acne-induced follicular dilatation and inflammation, inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α). This study offers insight into AGPP's mechanism for acne treatment, laying groundwork for Paris development and drug discovery.