{"title":"COVID-19 疫苗接种与绝经后出血：一项回顾性队列研究。","authors":"Lucía Pastor-Goutherot, Ester Miralpeix, Berta Fabregó, Laia Serrano, Adrián Vizoso, Josep-Maria Solé-Sedeño, Gemma Mancebo","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2024.2385360","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>COVID-19 vaccination has been related to menstrual irregularities; however, the effect on postmenopausal women is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) after COVID-19 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology in Hospital del Mar. Consecutive postmenopausal women with data available and endometrial biopsy were included between February 2021 and January 2022. Patients were stratified between COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. PMB after 30 days from last vaccine dose was considered unrelated to vaccine. Endometrial pathology diagnoses were stratified into benign or malignant. Univariable and multivariable of regression analysis on variables potentially associated with PMB was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 381 patients were included, 91 in the vaccinated group and 290 in the unvaccinated group. Prevalence of PMB in the vaccinated group was 75.8% compared to 59.0% in the unvaccinated group (<i>p</i> < 0.005). No increase in endometrial malignant pathology was observed among the vaccinated group (<i>p</i> = 0.189). Multivariable analysis that correlates factors associated with PMB suggests COVID-19 vaccine and malignant endometrial biopsy as independent risk variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher prevalence of PMB was associated with COVID-19 vaccine. Endometrial histological results showed no association with COVID-19 vaccination, but endometrial biopsy should be performed for PMB.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"COVID-19 vaccination and postmenopausal bleeding: a retrospective cohort study.\",\"authors\":\"Lucía Pastor-Goutherot, Ester Miralpeix, Berta Fabregó, Laia Serrano, Adrián Vizoso, Josep-Maria Solé-Sedeño, Gemma Mancebo\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/13697137.2024.2385360\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>COVID-19 vaccination has been related to menstrual irregularities; however, the effect on postmenopausal women is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) after COVID-19 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology in Hospital del Mar. Consecutive postmenopausal women with data available and endometrial biopsy were included between February 2021 and January 2022. Patients were stratified between COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. PMB after 30 days from last vaccine dose was considered unrelated to vaccine. Endometrial pathology diagnoses were stratified into benign or malignant. Univariable and multivariable of regression analysis on variables potentially associated with PMB was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 381 patients were included, 91 in the vaccinated group and 290 in the unvaccinated group. Prevalence of PMB in the vaccinated group was 75.8% compared to 59.0% in the unvaccinated group (<i>p</i> < 0.005). No increase in endometrial malignant pathology was observed among the vaccinated group (<i>p</i> = 0.189). Multivariable analysis that correlates factors associated with PMB suggests COVID-19 vaccine and malignant endometrial biopsy as independent risk variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher prevalence of PMB was associated with COVID-19 vaccine. Endometrial histological results showed no association with COVID-19 vaccination, but endometrial biopsy should be performed for PMB.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10213,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Climacteric\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Climacteric\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2024.2385360\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/8/12 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Climacteric","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2024.2385360","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/8/12 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 vaccination and postmenopausal bleeding: a retrospective cohort study.
Objective: COVID-19 vaccination has been related to menstrual irregularities; however, the effect on postmenopausal women is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) after COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology in Hospital del Mar. Consecutive postmenopausal women with data available and endometrial biopsy were included between February 2021 and January 2022. Patients were stratified between COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. PMB after 30 days from last vaccine dose was considered unrelated to vaccine. Endometrial pathology diagnoses were stratified into benign or malignant. Univariable and multivariable of regression analysis on variables potentially associated with PMB was performed.
Results: A total of 381 patients were included, 91 in the vaccinated group and 290 in the unvaccinated group. Prevalence of PMB in the vaccinated group was 75.8% compared to 59.0% in the unvaccinated group (p < 0.005). No increase in endometrial malignant pathology was observed among the vaccinated group (p = 0.189). Multivariable analysis that correlates factors associated with PMB suggests COVID-19 vaccine and malignant endometrial biopsy as independent risk variables.
Conclusions: A higher prevalence of PMB was associated with COVID-19 vaccine. Endometrial histological results showed no association with COVID-19 vaccination, but endometrial biopsy should be performed for PMB.
期刊介绍：
Climacteric is the official journal of the International Menopause Society (IMS). As an international peer-reviewed journal it publishes original research and reviews of all aspects of aging in women.
Climacteric was founded by the IMS in 1998 and today has become a leading journal in the publication of peer-reviewed papers on the menopause, climacteric and mid-life health. Topics covered include endocrine changes, symptoms attributed to the menopause and their treatment, hormone replacement and alternative therapies, lifestyles, and the counselling and education of peri- and postmenopausal women. Climacteric, published bimonthly, also features regular invited reviews, editorials and commentaries on recent developments.
The editorial review board of Climacteric includes leading scientific and clinical experts in the field of midlife medicine and research and is headed by its Editor-in-Chief, Professor Rod Baber of Australia. He and his team of Associate Editors act independently to set a clear editorial policy, co-ordinate peer review, and ensure a rapid response to submitted papers.
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