未经治疗的首发精神病患者语句的复杂性:语义网络的超高场磁共振成像动态因果建模研究。

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-08-09 Print Date: 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1503/jpn.240031
Maria Francisca Alonso-Sánchez, Wolfram Hinzen, Rui He, Joseph Gati, Lena Palaniyappan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:精神病涉及思想内容的扭曲,这在一定程度上反映在言语中词汇与语义连接的异常方式上。我们试图探索这些语言异常是如何通过大脑语义网络中假定的电路级异常来实现的:我们使用一个大型语言计算模型--来自变压器的双向编码器表征(BERT)--量化了180个样本中给定词序的上下文预期性(plexity),这些样本来自首发精神分裂症(FES)患者和年龄、父母社会地位和性别匹配的对照组对3张图片的描述,并使用7 T超高场功能磁共振成像(fMRI)进行了扫描。随后,利用困惑度对静息状态下语义网络的 4 个关键区域(即颞叶前部、额叶下回、颞叶中回后部和角回)内部(内在)和之间(外在)的有效连通性的频谱动态因果模型(DCM)进行了参数化:我们纳入了 60 名参与者,包括 30 名 FES 患者和 30 名对照组。我们观察到 FES 组患者的困惑度更高,这表明患者的言语对之前语境的可预测性更低。贝叶斯模型比较结果表明,包括组别与plexity交互作用的DCM最能解释神经活动的基本模式。我们观察到,在 FES 组中,IFG 内的自我抑制有效连接增加,而 pMTG 内的自我抑制音调降低。IFG 中自我抑制音调的增加与 IFG 和后 MTG 之间的区域间兴奋密切正相关,而后 MTG 的自我抑制与这种区域间兴奋呈负相关:局限性:我们的设计没有涉及在选择性激活语义网络的任务中语义网络的连通性,而这可能会证实这项静息态fMRI研究的结果。此外,我们也没有进行复制研究,而复制研究最好使用不同语言的语音:结论:作为对精神病患者奇特言语的一种解释,这些结果表明,调节整个语义网络信息流的兴奋-抑制平衡发生了变化,这种变化仅限于两个区域,而这两个区域以前被认为与意义的执行控制有特殊联系。基于我们将大型语言模型与因果连通性估计相结合的方法,我们提出语义控制的缺失是导致精神错乱的潜在神经认知机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Perplexity of utterances in untreated first-episode psychosis: an ultra-high field MRI dynamic causal modelling study of the semantic network.

Background: Psychosis involves a distortion of thought content, which is partly reflected in anomalous ways in which words are semantically connected into utterances in speech. We sought to explore how these linguistic anomalies are realized through putative circuit-level abnormalities in the brain's semantic network.

Methods: Using a computational large-language model, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), we quantified the contextual expectedness of a given word sequence (perplexity) across 180 samples obtained from descriptions of 3 pictures by patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and controls matched for age, parental social status, and sex, scanned with 7 T ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subsequently, perplexity was used to parametrize a spectral dynamic causal model (DCM) of the effective connectivity within (intrinsic) and between (extrinsic) 4 key regions of the semantic network at rest, namely the anterior temporal lobe, the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and the angular gyrus.

Results: We included 60 participants, including 30 patients with FES and 30 controls. We observed higher perplexity in the FES group, indicating that speech was less predictable by the preceding context among patients. Results of Bayesian model comparisons showed that a DCM including the group by perplexity interaction best explained the underlying patterns of neural activity. We observed an increase of self-inhibitory effective connectivity within the IFG, as well as reduced self-inhibitory tone within the pMTG, in the FES group. An increase in self-inhibitory tone in the IFG correlated strongly and positively with inter-regional excitation between the IFG and posterior MTG, while self-inhibition of the posterior MTG was negatively correlated with this interregional excitation.

Limitation: Our design did not address connectivity in the semantic network during tasks that selectively activated the semantic network, which could corroborate findings from this resting-state fMRI study. Furthermore, we do not present a replication study, which would ideally use speech in a different language.

Conclusion: As an explanation for peculiar speech in psychosis, these results index a shift in the excitatory-inhibitory balance regulating information flow across the semantic network, confined to 2 regions that were previously linked specifically to the executive control of meaning. Based on our approach of combining a large language model with causal connectivity estimates, we propose loss in semantic control as a potential neurocognitive mechanism contributing to disorganization in psychosis.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
2.30%
发文量
51
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience publishes papers at the intersection of psychiatry and neuroscience that advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in the etiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders. This includes studies on patients with psychiatric disorders, healthy humans, and experimental animals as well as studies in vitro. Original research articles, including clinical trials with a mechanistic component, and review papers will be considered.
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