{"title":"纺锤体结构制约核型进化","authors":"Jana Helsen, Md Hashim Reza, Ricardo Carvalho, Gavin Sherlock, Gautam Dey","doi":"10.1038/s41556-024-01485-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The eukaryotic cell division machinery must rapidly and reproducibly duplicate and partition the cell’s chromosomes in a carefully coordinated process. However, chromosome numbers vary dramatically between genomes, even on short evolutionary timescales. We sought to understand how the mitotic machinery senses and responds to karyotypic changes by using a series of budding yeast strains in which the native chromosomes have been successively fused. Using a combination of cell biological profiling, genetic engineering and experimental evolution, we show that chromosome fusions are well tolerated up until a critical point. Cells with fewer than five centromeres lack the necessary number of kinetochore-microtubule attachments needed to counter outward forces in the metaphase spindle, triggering the spindle assembly checkpoint and prolonging metaphase. Our findings demonstrate that spindle architecture is a constraining factor for karyotype evolution. Helsen et al. use experimental evolution and chromosome engineering to probe the link between karyotype changes and the cell division machinery. They conclude that spindle organization dictates the available trajectories for karyotype evolution.","PeriodicalId":18977,"journal":{"name":"Nature Cell Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-024-01485-w.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Spindle architecture constrains karyotype evolution\",\"authors\":\"Jana Helsen, Md Hashim Reza, Ricardo Carvalho, Gavin Sherlock, Gautam Dey\",\"doi\":\"10.1038/s41556-024-01485-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The eukaryotic cell division machinery must rapidly and reproducibly duplicate and partition the cell’s chromosomes in a carefully coordinated process. However, chromosome numbers vary dramatically between genomes, even on short evolutionary timescales. We sought to understand how the mitotic machinery senses and responds to karyotypic changes by using a series of budding yeast strains in which the native chromosomes have been successively fused. Using a combination of cell biological profiling, genetic engineering and experimental evolution, we show that chromosome fusions are well tolerated up until a critical point. Cells with fewer than five centromeres lack the necessary number of kinetochore-microtubule attachments needed to counter outward forces in the metaphase spindle, triggering the spindle assembly checkpoint and prolonging metaphase. Our findings demonstrate that spindle architecture is a constraining factor for karyotype evolution. Helsen et al. use experimental evolution and chromosome engineering to probe the link between karyotype changes and the cell division machinery. They conclude that spindle organization dictates the available trajectories for karyotype evolution.\",\"PeriodicalId\":18977,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nature Cell Biology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":17.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-024-01485-w.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nature Cell Biology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-024-01485-w\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CELL BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nature Cell Biology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-024-01485-w","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
The eukaryotic cell division machinery must rapidly and reproducibly duplicate and partition the cell’s chromosomes in a carefully coordinated process. However, chromosome numbers vary dramatically between genomes, even on short evolutionary timescales. We sought to understand how the mitotic machinery senses and responds to karyotypic changes by using a series of budding yeast strains in which the native chromosomes have been successively fused. Using a combination of cell biological profiling, genetic engineering and experimental evolution, we show that chromosome fusions are well tolerated up until a critical point. Cells with fewer than five centromeres lack the necessary number of kinetochore-microtubule attachments needed to counter outward forces in the metaphase spindle, triggering the spindle assembly checkpoint and prolonging metaphase. Our findings demonstrate that spindle architecture is a constraining factor for karyotype evolution. Helsen et al. use experimental evolution and chromosome engineering to probe the link between karyotype changes and the cell division machinery. They conclude that spindle organization dictates the available trajectories for karyotype evolution.
期刊介绍:
Nature Cell Biology, a prestigious journal, upholds a commitment to publishing papers of the highest quality across all areas of cell biology, with a particular focus on elucidating mechanisms underlying fundamental cell biological processes. The journal's broad scope encompasses various areas of interest, including but not limited to:
-Autophagy
-Cancer biology
-Cell adhesion and migration
-Cell cycle and growth
-Cell death
-Chromatin and epigenetics
-Cytoskeletal dynamics
-Developmental biology
-DNA replication and repair
-Mechanisms of human disease
-Mechanobiology
-Membrane traffic and dynamics
-Metabolism
-Nuclear organization and dynamics
-Organelle biology
-Proteolysis and quality control
-RNA biology
-Signal transduction
-Stem cell biology