节奏差异会影响复杂平均决策的速度,但不会影响其准确性。

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
David Greatrex, Sarah Hawkins
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引用次数: 0

摘要

当节奏使事件变得可预测时,该事件会被更快地感知,通常也会更准确地感知。然而,显示这种情况的实验都使用了简单的任务,而且大多数实验通过使用与刺激和任务无关的周期性或非周期性前兆来操纵时间预期。有三个实验测试了这些观察结果在复杂任务中的普遍性,在这些任务中,节奏是反应所需信息的内在因素,而不是前兆:听者对噪声脉冲串的横向性进行平均。我们改变了呈现率、周期性程度和平均侧向性。在周期性刺激下,听者在听到探测音后反应最快,而在非周期性刺激下反应最慢。在没有探究音的情况下,听者在周期性序列中反应更快,因此听到的信息更少。总体而言,周期性并没有提高准确性。在较简单的任务中,这种因信息量较少而提高速度但不提高准确度的情况并未见报道。在认知因素的补充下,神经系统的协调性提供了一个初步的解释。当任务本身很复杂并要求长时间高度集中注意力时,预期周期性刺激和意外周期性刺激都能增加反应幅度,从而增强刺激的表征,但周期性刺激会增加早期反应的信心。漂移扩散模型支持这一提议:非周期性会调节决策阈值,但不会调节漂移率或非决策时间。这些新数据和文献共同表明,时间预期对决策的影响取决于任务,显示了节奏变异、任务复杂性和对刺激的预期来源之间的相互作用。我们认为这些影响值得探讨,以便将节奏性对决策的影响扩展到日常生活中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Rhythmic variance influences the speed but not the accuracy of complex averaging decisions

Rhythmic variance influences the speed but not the accuracy of complex averaging decisions

When a rhythm makes an event predictable, that event is perceived faster, and typically more accurately. However, the experiments showing this used simple tasks, and most manipulated temporal expectancy by using periodic or aperiodic precursors unrelated to stimulus and task. Three experiments tested the generality of these observations in a complex task in which rhythm was intrinsic to, rather than a precursor of, the information needed to respond: listeners averaged the laterality of a stream of noise bursts. We varied presentation rate, degree of periodicity, and average lateralisation. Decisions following a probe tone were fastest after periodic stimuli, and slowest after the most aperiodic stimuli. Without a probe tone, listeners responded sooner during periodic sequences, thus hearing less information. Periodicity did not benefit accuracy overall. This gain in speed but not accuracy for less information is not reported for simpler tasks. Neural entrainment supplemented by cognitive factors provide a tentative explanation. When the task is inherently complex and demands high attention over long durations, both expected-periodic and unexpected-aperiodic stimuli can increase response amplitude, enhancing stimulus representation, but periodicity increases confidence to respond early. Drift diffusion modelling supports this proposal: aperiodicity modulated the decision threshold, but not the drift rate or non-decision time. Together, these new data and the literature point towards task-dependent effects of temporal expectation on decision-making, showing interactions between rhythmic variance, task complexity, and sources of expectation about stimuli. We suggest the implications are worth exploring to extend understanding of rhythmicity on decision-making to everyday situations.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
17.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society. It spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics. Most articles published are reports of experimental work; the journal also presents theoretical, integrative, and evaluative reviews. Commentary on issues of importance to researchers appears in a special section of the journal. Founded in 1966 as Perception & Psychophysics, the journal assumed its present name in 2009.
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