针对违反禁令规范的社会制裁

IF 6.3 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Benjamin D. Douglas , Kendall Holley , Naomi Isenberg , Kevin R. Kennedy , Markus Brauer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

强制性社会规范是人们行为的社会标准。当个人违反这些规范时,他们的行为就会受到社会的制裁。这些制裁有多种形式,包括口头或非口头反应,以及从不以为然到排斥。我们回顾了影响旁观者对违反强制性社会规范的人实施社会制裁倾向的稳定特征和情境变量。稳定特征包括旁观者的外向性、利他主义、相信他人可以改变自己行为的信念以及文化背景。情境因素包括被违反的规范对旁观者的牵连程度、旁观者和违法者之间的社会等级、是否存在其他旁观者,以及(在适用的情况下)旁观者与违反规范的受害者之间的关系。我们还讨论了旁观者试图实施社会制裁可能付出的代价。最后,我们将讨论如何运用社会制裁来执行亲社会的社会规范。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Social sanctions in response to injunctive norm violations

Injunctive social norms are societal standards for how people are expected to behave. When individuals transgress these norms, they face social sanctions for their behavior. These sanctions can take many forms ranging from verbal or non-verbal reactions and from disapproval to ostracism. We review the stable characteristics and situational variables that affect a bystander's tendency to enact social sanctions against someone who violates an injunctive social norm. Stable characteristics include the bystander's extraversion, altruism, the belief that others can change their behavior, and their cultural background. Situational factors include the extent to which the violated norm implicates the bystander, the social hierarchies among the bystander and transgressor, the presence of additional bystanders, and (when applicable) the bystander's relationship to the victim of the norm violation. We also discuss the costs that a bystander can incur by attempting to enact social sanctions. We conclude with a discussion of the application of social sanctions to enforce pro-social social norms.

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来源期刊
Current Opinion in Psychology
Current Opinion in Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
3.40%
发文量
293
审稿时长
53 days
期刊介绍: Current Opinion in Psychology is part of the Current Opinion and Research (CO+RE) suite of journals and is a companion to the primary research, open access journal, Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology. CO+RE journals leverage the Current Opinion legacy of editorial excellence, high-impact, and global reach to ensure they are a widely-read resource that is integral to scientists' workflows. Current Opinion in Psychology is divided into themed sections, some of which may be reviewed on an annual basis if appropriate. The amount of space devoted to each section is related to its importance. The topics covered will include: * Biological psychology * Clinical psychology * Cognitive psychology * Community psychology * Comparative psychology * Developmental psychology * Educational psychology * Environmental psychology * Evolutionary psychology * Health psychology * Neuropsychology * Personality psychology * Social psychology
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