十九世纪末非洲的 "自然灾害"、无知以及意大利殖民者殖民主义的海市蜃楼

IF 1.8 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Angelo Matteo Caglioti
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文从欧洲帝国主义环境史的全球视角,阐述了意大利殖民定居主义的起源及其在阿德瓦战役(1896 年)中的失败。文章认为,意大利将非洲之角高地变为移民殖民地的计划是一个 "帝国海市蜃楼":人们认为,由 "自然 "灾害(实际上是殖民战争的社会产物)造成的埃塞俄比亚一时人烟稀少的景象在未来将为意大利移民所利用。这种海市蜃楼的基础是环境灾难的多米诺骨牌效应,它将气候历史、动物疾病和欧洲帝国主义政治联系在一起。在一场与厄尔尼诺现象有关的干旱之后,意大利人在厄立特里亚引进了牛瘟,引发了 "非洲牛瘟大流行 "和 "埃塞俄比亚大饥荒"。故意的无知和一厢情愿的自欺欺人混合在一起,助长了意大利的项目,这也是意大利在阿德瓦战役中失败的原因。本文以环境史学家和科技研究学者的方法论为基础,通过无知文化生产的视角,将重点从国家权力转移到殖民主义的技术政治对自然环境和非洲社区的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
‘Natural’ disasters, ignorance, and the mirage of Italian settler colonialism in late nineteenth-century Africa
This article places the origins of Italian settler colonialism and its defeat in the battle of Adwa (1896) in the global perspective of the environmental history of European imperialism. It argues that the Italian project to turn the highlands of the Horn of Africa into a settler colony was an “imperial mirage”: the perception that the momentarily depopulated landscape of Ethiopia, produced by “natural” disasters that were in fact the social products of colonial warfare, would be available to Italian settlers in the future. This mirage was based on a domino effect of environmental catastrophes connecting climate history, animal disease, and the politics of European imperialism. Italians’ introduction of rinderpest in Eritrea in the wake of an El Niño-related drought triggered “the Great African Rinderpest Panzootic” and the “Great Ethiopian Famine”. The mixture of willful ignorance and wishful self-deception that fueled Italian projects explains Italy’s defeat in the battle of Adwa. Building on the methodology of environmental historians and scholars in Science and Technology Studies, this article shifts focus from the power of the state to the techno-politics of colonialism in its impact on natural environments and African communities through the lens of the cultural production of ignorance.
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来源期刊
Past & Present
Past & Present Multiple-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.60%
发文量
49
期刊介绍: Founded in 1952, Past & Present is widely acknowledged to be the liveliest and most stimulating historical journal in the English-speaking world. The journal offers: •A wide variety of scholarly and original articles on historical, social and cultural change in all parts of the world. •Four issues a year, each containing five or six major articles plus occasional debates and review essays. •Challenging work by young historians as well as seminal articles by internationally regarded scholars. •A range of articles that appeal to specialists and non-specialists, and communicate the results of the most recent historical research in a readable and lively form. •A forum for debate, encouraging productive controversy.
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