对西班牙东部人为造成的波涅利鹰成鸟死亡时空模式的综合分析

IF 1.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Andrés López-Peinado, Vicente Urios, Pascual López-López
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在西班牙东部,波涅利鹰(Aquila fasciata)的数量在过去 25 年中下降了近 50%,因此该物种被列为地区濒危物种。因此,本研究旨在报告领地繁殖博内利鹰的死亡原因,包括空间和时间模式,并评估其对种群动态的影响。从2015年至2023年,我们通过全球定位系统-全球移动通信系统(GPS-GSM)遥测技术追踪了60只波内利鹰,其中33只死亡(中位数存活时间=1,519天)。存活率与性别、捕获时的年龄(亚成鸟与成鸟)、繁殖地(沿海地区与内陆地区)或发射器的型号无关。一年存活概率(95% CI)为 0.716(0.607-0.845);两年存活概率为 0.640(0.524-0.781);三年存活概率为 0.581(0.464-0.729)。人为死亡率(66.7%)高于自然死亡率(27.3%)和不明原因死亡率(6.0%)。死亡原因包括种内和种间捕食(占 24.2%)、触电(18.2%)、中毒(15.1%)、碰撞电线(9.1%)、枪击(9.1%)、溺水(9.1%)、碰撞其他人造基础设施(6.1%)和疾病(3.0%)。在早期繁殖季节,死亡最为频繁。在记录的 33 起死亡事件中,只有 2 起(6.1%)发生在保护区内。自然原因造成的死亡更多发生在地中海沿岸以外的地方。相比之下,人为死亡更多发生在地中海沿岸附近,因为那里的人口密度较高。我们估计,在我们的研究区域,该物种在未来 50 年内灭绝的概率为 17.8%,100 年内灭绝的概率为 99.2%。尽管如此,只要将成鱼死亡率降低≥15%,就能防止该物种在未来50年内灭绝。因此,迫切需要采取行动降低成鸟死亡率,以保护西班牙东部的波涅利鹰。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

A comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of anthropogenic adult mortality of Bonelli's eagles in eastern Spain

A comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of anthropogenic adult mortality of Bonelli's eagles in eastern Spain

In eastern Spain, Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata) abundance has declined almost 50% in the last 25 years and, consequently, the species is listed as regionally endangered. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report the mortality causes of territorial breeding Bonelli's eagles, including the spatial and temporal patterns, and to assess the effects on population dynamics. From 2015–2023, we tracked 60 Bonelli's eagles via global positioning system-global system for mobile communications (GPS-GSM) telemetry; 33 of the eagles died (median survival time = 1,519 days). Survival did not differ in relation to sex, age at capture (subadult vs. adult birds), breeding site (coastland vs. inland territories), or transmitter's model. One-year probability of survival (95% CI) was 0.716 (0.607–0.845); 2-year survival was 0.640 (0.524–0.781); and 3-year survival was 0.581 (0.464–0.729). Anthropogenic mortality (66.7% of cases) prevailed over natural (27.3%) and unknown causes (6.0%). Causes of mortality were intra- and interspecific predation (24.2% of cases), electrocution (18.2%), poisoning (15.1%), collision with power lines (9.1%), shooting (9.1%), drowning (9.1%), collision with other man-made infrastructure (6.1%), and disease (3.0%). Deaths were most frequent during the early breeding season. Only 2 (6.1%) of 33 deaths recorded occurred within a protected area. Natural causes of mortality were more frequent away from the Mediterranean coast. In contrast, anthropogenic deaths were more frequent near the Mediterranean coast, where human population density is high. We estimated that probability of extirpation of the species in our study area is 17.8% in the next 50 years and 99.2% in 100 years. Nonetheless, a small reduction in adult mortality by ≥15% could prevent extirpation in the next 50 years. Therefore, actions to reduce adult mortality are urgently needed to preserve the Bonelli's eagle in eastern Spain.

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来源期刊
Journal of Wildlife Management
Journal of Wildlife Management 环境科学-动物学
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
13.00%
发文量
188
审稿时长
9-24 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Wildlife Management publishes manuscripts containing information from original research that contributes to basic wildlife science. Suitable topics include investigations into the biology and ecology of wildlife and their habitats that has direct or indirect implications for wildlife management and conservation. This includes basic information on wildlife habitat use, reproduction, genetics, demographics, viability, predator-prey relationships, space-use, movements, behavior, and physiology; but within the context of contemporary management and conservation issues such that the knowledge may ultimately be useful to wildlife practitioners. Also considered are theoretical and conceptual aspects of wildlife science, including development of new approaches to quantitative analyses, modeling of wildlife populations and habitats, and other topics that are germane to advancing wildlife science. Limited reviews or meta analyses will be considered if they provide a meaningful new synthesis or perspective on an appropriate subject. Direct evaluation of management practices or policies should be sent to the Wildlife Society Bulletin, as should papers reporting new tools or techniques. However, papers that report new tools or techniques, or effects of management practices, within the context of a broader study investigating basic wildlife biology and ecology will be considered by The Journal of Wildlife Management. Book reviews of relevant topics in basic wildlife research and biology.
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