研究 2019-2021 年印度各地家庭排水类型流行率的地域差异

IF 10.4 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Anoop Jain, Caleb Harrison, Akhil Kumar, Rockli Kim, S. V. Subramanian
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过去十年中,使用厕所的印度家庭比例大幅增加。其中许多厕所依靠化粪池或渗坑形式的现场容器。如果不使用某种机械化方法清除这些容器中的废物,废物就会溢流到排水沟中,然后流入处理设施或排入水体。因此,排水沟是环境卫生链条中的关键部分。然而,印度家庭有哪些类型的下水道仍然是个未知数。了解这一点至关重要,因为如果废物在露天排水沟中流动,人们摄入受污染的水和皮肤接触病原体的风险就更大。印度 2019-2021 年全国家庭健康调查首次包含了家庭可用排水系统类型的数据。因此,本文旨在估算不使用排水系统、露天排水系统、排水至渗坑和封闭排水系统的家庭的普遍程度。我们还估算了印度 720 个县中每个县以及城市/农村社区的这些普遍程度值,以了解印度各地排水类型的地理分布情况。总体而言,我们发现最常见的排水类型是明渠(37.5% | 95% CI:37.3-37.6),其次是暗渠(33.9% | 95% CI:33.7-34.0)。在印度的 720 个县中,一半以上的县的家庭露天排水普及率超过 42%。同样,在印度的 720 个县中,一半以上的县的封闭式排水系统家庭普及率低于 24%。我们还发现,开放式排水系统在农村社区更为常见,而封闭式排水系统在城市社区更为常见。我们还发现,在排水类型方面存在社会经济梯度,社会经济水平较低的人群更有可能使用露天排水沟或不使用排水沟。我们的研究结果表明,有必要从地理和社会经济两方面采取有针对性的干预措施,以确保家庭能够获得充足的排水系统。这样做对于消除环境污染,预防发病至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Examining geographic variation in the prevalence of household drainage types across India in 2019-2021

Examining geographic variation in the prevalence of household drainage types across India in 2019-2021

Examining geographic variation in the prevalence of household drainage types across India in 2019-2021
The proportion of Indian households with access to a toilet has grown considerably over the past decade. Many of these toilets rely on on-site containment, either in the form of a septic tank or soak pit. If the waste from these containers is not removed using some type of mechanized method, it can overflow into drains before flowing into treatment facilities or being discharged into water bodies. Therefore, drains are a critical part of the sanitation chain. What remains unknown, however, is what types of drains are available to households in India. Understanding this is critical given that people are at a greater risk of ingesting contaminated water and making dermal contact with pathogens if waste flows in open drains. For the first time, India’s National Family Health Survey from 2019–2021 contains data on the type of drainage available to households. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of households relying on no drainage, open drainage, drains to soak pits, and closed drainage. We also estimate these prevalence values for each of India’s 720 districts and by urban/rural communities to understand the geographic clustering of drainage types throughout India. Overall, we found that the most common drainage type was open drains (37.5% | 95% CI: 37.3–37.6), followed by closed drains (33.9% | 95% CI: 33.7–34.0). The household prevalence of open drainage was above 42% in more than half of India’s 720 districts. Similarly, the household prevalence of closed drainage was below 24% in more than half of India’s 720 districts. We also found that open drains were more common in rural communities, while closed drains were more common in urban communities. We also found a socioeconomic gradient in terms of drainage types, with those lower on the socioeconomic spectrum more likely to have open drains or no drainage. Our results underscore the need to both geographically and socioeconomically target interventions that ensure households have access to adequate drainage. Doing so is vital to remove contamination from the environment as a means of preventing morbidity.
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来源期刊
npj Clean Water
npj Clean Water Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology
CiteScore
15.30
自引率
2.60%
发文量
61
审稿时长
5 weeks
期刊介绍: npj Clean Water publishes high-quality papers that report cutting-edge science, technology, applications, policies, and societal issues contributing to a more sustainable supply of clean water. The journal's publications may also support and accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6, which focuses on clean water and sanitation.
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