Fabrication of Zinc Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles to Inhibit Escherichia coli Growth and Proliferation of Liver Cancer Cells (HepG2)

The current research is related to the synthesis of different concentrations (0, 3, and 7 wt %) Zn doped TiO₂-NPs by using the coprecipitation method. The rutile, anatase crystal structure appeared on different diffracted peaks in TiO₂-NPs, and the crystallite size (12 to 24 nm) was calculated by using XRD analysis. The spherical, irregular, porous grain-like surface morphology was observed by SEM analysis, and the identification of different functional modes such as hydroxyl, −C–O, −C–O–C, and Ti–O–Ti attached on the surface of the spectrum was examined via FTIR analysis. After that, the increased absorbance of TiO₂-NPs by increasing the Zn concentration in TiO₂-NPs was observed by UV–visible analysis. After that, the well diffusion method was performed to measure antibacterial activity, and the MTT assay was used to investigate anticancer activity against the HepG2 cell line. It was observed that the inhibition zone of S. aureus and E. coli increased by increasing the concentration of Zn-doped TiO₂-NPs from 2 to 32 mm. The 7 wt % Zn-doped TiO₂-NPs provided significant anticancer activity against the liver cancer cell line and antibacterial activity. In the future, Zn doped TiO₂-NPs can be used for in vitro analysis against different microbial and animal models for the treatment of cancer.