Obesity, diabetes, Plasmodium infection, and severe malaria in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study aimed to investigate existing evidence regarding the associations of obesity and diabetes with Plasmodium infection and severe malaria in adults.

Methods: We comprehensively searched relevant studies using EMBASE, MEDLINE, Global Health, and CINAHL. The primary exposures were obesity and diabetes. The primary outcomes were Plasmodium infection and severe malaria. We performed meta-analyses to pool unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model.

Results: We found 9 studies that met our inclusion criteria; all these studies were eligible for meta-analyses. None of the 9 studies investigated the potential link between obesity and Plasmodium infection. The meta-analysis results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between obesity and severe malaria (two studies), diabetes and Plasmodium infection (five studies), or diabetes and severe malaria (three studies).

Conclusion: Our study findings showed that obesity was not associated with severe malaria, and diabetes was not associated with neither Plasmodium infection nor severe malaria. Additional epidemiological studies should be conducted to elucidate the relationships between obesity, diabetes, and Plasmodium infection.